©Melissa Matusevich ©Melissa Matusevich Effects of Railroads on Growth Growth in Virginia’s Cities Virginia began to grow in many areas after the Civil War and Railroads facilitated the growth of small towns to cities. Reconstruction. Cities grew with people, businesses, and factories. ©Melissa Matusevich ©Melissa Matusevich Railroad Centers Growth in Virginia’s Railroads Railroads were a key to the expansion of business, agriculture, and industry. Railroad centers stimulated the growth of factories where clothing, furniture, and other useful items were made. The railroad brought new jobs and people to areas of Virginia. ©Melissa Matusevich more andbetterroadsincreased. After theCivilWarandReconstruction,needfor ©Melissa Matusevich The Solution The Problem Virginia Cities that Became Railroad Centers T T h h e e I I m m p p Alexandria o o r r t t a a n n c c e e o o f f Richmond Lynchburg G G Roanoke Petersburg o o Newport News o o Norfolk d d R R o o a a Lynchburg, Roanoke, Alexandria, Richmond, Norfolk, and d d s s Newport News grew rapidly because of the railroad. These cities bustled with activity as the railroad brought new jobs and people. woman tobecome abankpresident. in theUnited States.Shewasalso thefirst American woman tobecomeabank president Maggie L.Walkerwas thefirstAfrican ©Melissa Matusevich ©Melissa Matusevich Virginia Grew as Industries Developed Maggie L.Walker After Civil War and Reconstruction, coal deposits were discovered in Tazewell County and then in nearby counties. The coal industry grew and became a source of income for the residents of Southwest Virginia. ©Melissa Matusevich ©Melissa N. Matusevich Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 (Brown v. Board of Education) that “separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional. All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to integrate. Virginia’s government established a policy of Massive Resistance, which fought to “resist” the integration of public schools. Some schools were closed to avoid integration. Left -> Right: Former Virginia Governor John Harry F. Byrd, Sr., led a Massive Battle, Resistance Movement against Harry F. Byrd, the integration of public schools. Congressman Bill Tucker Harry F. Byrd, Sr., as governor, was known for The policy of Massive Resistance a “Pay As You Go” policy for road failed, and Virginia’s public improvements, and he modernized Virginia schools were integrated. state government. Byrd also led a Massive Resistance Movement against the integration of public schools. ©Melissa Matusevich Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. Segregation is keeping people separate from others based on race. Integration is the full equality of all races in the use of public facilities. rArthur R. Ashe, Jr., was the first African American winner of a major men’s tennis singles championship. He was also an author and eloquent esegregation is doing spokesperson for social change. away with segregation. People are no longer kept apart because of race. ©Melissa N. Matusevich Segregation, Desegregation and Integration D ©Melissa Matusevich L. Douglas Wilder L. Douglas Wilder, former governor of Virginia, was the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United States .