Unit 7: Identification Topic –Herbarium-Part2 And Botanical Gardens 03.04.2020 By- Dr. Gaurav Kumar Department of Botany Dyal Singh College Refer to the details of famous herbarium of the world with their name, location and characteristics figure provided to you through mail/whatsapp Refer to the details of famous herbarium of India with their name, location and characteristics figure provided to you through mail/whatsapp Botanical gardens A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation, preservation and display of a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names. there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. often have associated herbaria and research programmes in plant taxonomy or some other aspect of botanical science. ROLE: In principle, their role is to maintain documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display, and education. 1.Botanical gardens act as out-door laboratories. 2.Serve as centres of gene pools or germ plasm bank of wild relatives of economically important plants. 3.Maintain less attractive and abandoned ornamental plants. 4.Train city arborists in the plantation of trees in urban areas. Refer to the details characteristics figure explaining function of a botanical garden provided to you through mail/whatsapp 5.Organise educational programmes to create environmental awareness among children students and train teachers in environmental education. 6.Centres of conservation of endangered and rare species. 7.Most of the economic plants were originally introduced and distributed to the other parts of the world through botanic gardens. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (England): Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (brand name Kew) is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution More popularly known as ‘Kew Gardens’. The garden was developed in the 1600s by Richard Bennet. Sir William Hooker became its first official director. He worked for the advancement of the garden, enlarging it from a mere 6 ha. to more than 100 ha. and building a palm house. Sir J. D. Hooker, who succeeded his father as its Director, added rhododendrons, and also authored several important publications. John Hutchinson worked and developed his famous system of classification here. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (brand name Kew) is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution. The present area of these gardens is about 300 acres. Various departments of this garden are its Library, Herbarium, Economic Museums, Gardens and the Jodrell Laboratory. Jodrell Laboratory at Kew has established itself as the world centre in the study of plant anatomy, cytogenetics and plant biochemistry. The Royal Botanic Gardens’ Living collections at Kew and Wakehurst Place are a multilevel encyclopaedic reference collection reflecting global plant diversity and providing a reference source which serves all the aspects of botanical and horticultural science within Kew. The living collections at Kew are most diverse with 351 families, 5465 genera and over 28,000 species growing successfully. Both tropical (maintained indoors) and temperate plants are present. Important publications of the gardens are Kew Bulletin, Index Kewensis, and Kew Botanical Magazine. Kew Herbarium, undoubtedly the most famous herbarium of the world, maintains over 6 million specimens of vascular plants and fungi from every country in the world. There are over 275,000 type specimens as well. Missouri Botanical Garden, USA The Missouri Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located at 4344 Shaw Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. It is also known informally as Shaw's Garden for founder and philanthropist Henry Shaw. Its herbarium, with more than 6.6 million specimens. the world’s most active tropical botany research programme with nearly 25 major flora projects. The garden is known for its Climatron® conservatory, a geodesic greenhouse dome with climatic control, supporting a vibrant tropical rainforest, under a 0.5 acre roof (Figure 5.7). It also has a Japanese Garden (Seiwa-en) covering 14 acres, the largest Japanese strolling Garden in North America, with a proud collection of Hamerocallis, Iris, roses, Hosta, and several economic plants. The information is shared via website TROPICOS, the world’s largest database, containing more than 920,000 scientific plant names and over 1,800,000 specimen records. The garden’s highly regarded education programme seeks to improve science instruction in the St. Louis region, reaching more than 137,000 students each year. With more than 5.3 million specimens (mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms), the herbarium ranks second in the USA and 6th in the world. The reference library of the garden has over 220,000 volumes, including many rare books. Among its major research activities include Flora of North America project, five volumes having already been published, covering the plants of USA, Canada and Greenland. The garden also coordinates Flora of China project, 25 volumes being planned, to be completed in 15 years starting from 1994. Calcutta Botanical garden: The official name of the Garden during the Company's rule was 'The Hon'ble Company's Botanic Garden, Calcutta', subsequently, it was renamed 'The Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta' in the early 1860s. At present, it is officially called 'Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah', but is known generally as the 'Calcutta Botanic Garden' in India and abroad is situated in Shibpur, Howrah near Kolkata. The gardens exhibit a wide variety of rare plants and a total collection of over 12,000 specimens spread over 109 hectares. It is under Botanical Survey of India (BSI) of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India The gardens were founded in 1786 by Colonel Robert Kyd, an army officer of the British East India Company, primarily for the purpose of identifying new plants of commercial value, such as teak, and growing spices for trade The Garden was designated the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden on June 25, 2009 in honor of Jagadish Chandra Bose, the Bengali polymath (a person of wide knowledge or learning), and natural scientist. The best-known landmark of the garden is The Great Banyan, an enormous banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) that is reckoned to be the largest tree in the world, at more than 330 metres in circumference. The gardens are also famous for their enormous collections of orchids, bamboos, palms, and plants of the screw pine genus (Pandanus). oldest of all the Botanical Gardens in India. -It was from these gardens that the tea now grown in Assam and Darjeeling was first developed. -Trees of the rarest kinds, from Nepal, Brazil, Penang, Java and Sumatra can be found here. There are towering Mahogany trees, an avenue of Cuban Palms and an Orchid House. Mango and Tamarind trees shade the grassy lawns. -Special Collections:Economic plants, medicinal plants, Palmae (109 spp.), Bambuseae (26 spp.),Orchidaceae (80 spp.), Jasmines (25 spp.), water lilies (30 cvs of 4 spp.), Pandanus, Bougainvillea (148 cvs.), Citrus, succulents (100 spp.), medicinal plants (450 spp.). -has a large collection of palms representing about 116 species under 53 genera and 8 subfamilies of Arecaceae (Palmae). -This is one of the largest refugia of palms in South East Asia. Many of the species are economical having great potentiality in agriculture, industries as well as in domestic use and utility. -Also there is a magnificent assemblage of ornamental palms and palms of horticultural importance. Special emphasis is centered on the conservation and multiplication of rare, endangered and endemic species under ex situ condition in the Garden. Lalbagh Botanical Gardens or Lalbagh is an old botanical garden in Bengaluru, India. First planned and laid out during the rule of Hyder Ali and later adorned with unique plant species by his son Tipu Sultan, it was later managed under numerous British Superintendents before Indian Independence. It was responsible for the introduction and propagation of numerous ornamental plants as well as those of economic value. It also served a social function as a park and recreational space, with a central glass house dating from 1890 which was used for flower shows. In modern times it hosts two flower shows coinciding with the week of Republic Day (26 January) and Independence Day (15 August). As an urban green space along with Cubbon Park, it is also home to numerous wild species of birds and other wildlife. The garden also has a lake adjoining a large rock on which a watchtower had been constructed during the reign of Kempegowda II. It holds two flower shows and has over 1,000 species of plants with many trees that are more than a hundred years old. Next topics of this unit needs explanation, will try to look for classes once the lockdown finishes. so I will skip and continue with other unit. .