ISSN 0083-7903, 92 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 92 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Larvae of the Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) by R.G. WEAR and D.R. FIELDER "�\1.£.SHlll,jr, ,t � � � �� I �()� D.E.HURLEYOirec::1or New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 92 1985 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Larvae of the Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) by R.G. WEAR and D.R. FIELDER New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 92 1985 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ WEAR, R.G. The marine fauna of New Zealand : larvae of the Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) / hy R.G. Wear and D.R. Fielder. - Wellington : New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 1985. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute memoir, ISSN 0083-7903; 92) ISBN 0-477-06722-0 I. Title II. Fielder, D.R. III. Series UDC 595.384.2(931) Received for publication: August 1981 © Crown Copyright 1985 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF TABLES 4 ABSTRACT 5 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 7 METHODS 8 CHECKLIST OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF NEW ZEALAND BRACHYURA 9 GENERAL FEATURES OF REPRODUCTION AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NEW ZEALAND BRACHYURA .. 11 Breeding 11 Larval Development 11 LARVAE OF THE NEW ZEALAND BRACHYURA 12 Introduction 12 The Zoea Stages .. 12 The Megalopa 17 Identification of Species 19 Diagnostic Morphology of New Zealand Larvae 19 DROMIACEA 19 Family Homolidae 19 Family Dromiidae 22 OXYSTOMATA .. 24 Family Tymolidae 24 Family Raninidae 24 Family Leucosiidae 26 BRACHYGNATHA (OXYRHYNCHA) 27 Family Majidae .. 27 Family Hymenosomatidae .. 37 BRACHYGNATHA (BRACHYRHYNCHA) . 46 Family Atelecyclidae 46 Family Cancridae 47 Family Portunidae 48 Family Belliidae .. 56 Family Xanthidae 58 Family Goneplacidae 62 Family Pinnotheridae 64 Family Grapsidae 66 Family Ocypodidae 76 KEYS TO THE LARVAE OF THE BRACHYURA FROM THE NEW ZEALAND REGION 78 Key to the Zoea Larvae 78 Key to the Megalopa Larvae .. 83 LITERATURE CITED 85 APPENDIX: REARING OF CRAB LARVAE 87 INDEX 88 3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ LIST OF FIGURES Page Page 1-5. Cancer novaezelandiae (Jacquinot): Zoeas I-V 13 116,117. E/amena /ongirostris Filhol: 1st juvenile crab 45 6-10. Cancer novaeze/andiae (Jacquinot): Zoeas I-V 14 118,119. E/amena momona Melrose: Zoea I 45 11-22. Cancer novaezelandiae (Jacquinot): Zoea larval 120,121. Elamena producta Kirk: Zoea I 45 appendages 16 122,123. Elamena producta Kirk: 1st juvenile crab 45 23�37. Cancer novaeze/andiae (Jacquinot): Megalopa 18 124,125. Trichope/tarion fantasticum Richardson: Zoea 38-40. Paramo/a cuvieri (Risso): Zoea I 21 I 47 41,42. Paramo/a petterdi Grant: Megalopa 21 126,127. Nectocarcinus antarcticus (Jacquinot): Zoea I 51 43-45. Latrei//ia austra/iensis Henderson: Zoea I 21 128,129. Nectocarcinus antarcticus (Jacquinot): 46-48. Latrei//ia austra/iensis Henderson: Megalopa 21 Megalopa 51 49,50. Homola orienta/is Henderson: Zoea IV 23 130,131. Ova/ipes catharus (White): Zoea I 51 51. Homola barbata (Fabricius): Zoea I 23 132,133. Ova/ipes catharus (White): Megalopa 51 52. Homola sp.: Zoea II 23 134,135. Portunus pe/agicus (Linnaeus): Zoea I 53 53. Homola barbata (Fabricius): Megalopa 23 136,137. Portunus pe/agicus (Linnaeus): Megalopa 53 54,55. Peta/omera wi/soni (Fulton & Grant): Zoea I 23 138,139. Scylla serrata (Forskal): Zoea I 53 56,57. Peta/omera wilsoni (Fulton & Grant): 140,141. Scylla serrata (Forskal): Megalopa 53 Megalopa 23 142,143. Macropipus corrugatus (Pennant): Zoea I 57 58,59. Cymonomus bathamae Dell: Zoea I 25 144,145. Macropipus ho/satus (Fabricius): Megalopa 57 60-63. Lyreidus tridentatus de Haan: Zoea I 25 146,147. Heterozius rotundifronsA. Milne Edwards: Zoea 64,65. Lyreidus tridentatus de Haan: Megalopa 25 I 57 66,67. Eba/ia /aevis (Bell): Zoea I 25 148,149. Heterozius rotundifrons A. Milne Edwards: 68. Eba/ia tuberosa (Pennant): Megalopa 25 Megalopa 57 69,70. Cyrtomaia hispida (Borradaile): Zoea I 28 150,151. Pilumnus /umpinus Bennett: Megalopa 61 71-73. Pyromaia tubercu/ata (Lockington): Zoea I 29 152,153. Pilumnus novaezelandiae Filhol: Megalopa 61 74,75. Achaeus fissifrons (Haswell): Zoea I 29 154,155. Ozius truncatus H. Milne Edwards: Zoea I 61 76,77. Achaeus fissifrons (Haswell): Megalopa 29 156,157. Ozius truncatus H. Milne Edwards: Megalopa 61 78,79. Rochinia carpenteri (Thomson): Zoea I 29 158-160. Pilumnopeus serratifrons (Kinahan): Zoea I 61 80,81. Rochinia carpenteri (Thomson): Megalopa 29 161,162. Carcinop/ax /ongimanus (de Haan): Zoea I 63 82. Eurynome aspera Leach: Zoea II 31 163,164. Carcinop/ax longimanus (de Haan): Megalopa 63 83. Eurynome aspera Leach: Megalopa 31 165,166. Ommatocarcinus huttoni Filhol: Zoea I 63 84,85. Euryno/ambrus austra/is H. Milne Edwards & 167,168. Ommatocarcinus huttoni Filhol: Megalopa 63 Lucas: Zoea J 33 169,170. Pinnotheres novaeze/andiae Filhol: Zoea I 63 86. Eurynolambrus austra/is H. Milne Edwards & 171. Pinnotheres ostreum Say: Megalopa 63 Lucas: Zoea II 33 172,173. Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius): Zoea I 67 87,88. Euryno/ambrus austra/is H. Milne Edwards & 174,175. Planes marinus Rathbun: Zoea I 67 Lucas: Megalopa 33 176. Planes cyaneus Dana: Megalopa 67 89,90. Notomithrax peronii {H. Milne Edwards): 177,178. Hemigrapsus edwardsi (Hilgendorf): Zoea I 67 Megalopa 33 179. Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan): Megalopa 67 91,92. Notomithrax minor (Filhol): Zoea I 35 180,181. Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards): 93,94. Notomithrax minor (Filhol): Megalopa 35 Zoea I 71 95,96. Leptomithrax /ongipes (Thomson): Zoea I 35 182,183. He/ice crassa (Dana): Zoea I 71 97,98. Ha/icarcinus cookii (Filhol): Zoea I 39 184,185. He/ice crassa (Dana): Megalopa 71 99,100. Ha/icarcinus varius (Dana): Zoea I . 39 186,187. Cyc/ograpsus /avauxi H. Milne Edwards: Zoea 101,102. Halicarcinus whitei (Miers): Zoea I 39 I 71 103,104. Ha/icarcinus p/anatus (Fabricius): Zoea I 39 188. Cyc/ograpsus cinereus Dana: Megalopa 71 105. Ha/icarcinus p/anatus (Fabricius): 1st juvenile 189,190. Cyc/ograpsus insularum Campbell & Griffin: crab 39 Zoea I .. 71 106,107. Neohymenicus pubescens (Dana): Zoea I 43 191,192. Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus): Zoea I 75 108,109. Neohymenicus pubescens (Dana): 1st juvenile 193,194. Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus): Zoea ?XII 75 crab 43 110,111. Hymenosoma depressum (Jacquinot): Zoea I 43 195,196. Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus): Megalopa ?II 75 112,113. Hymenosoma depressum (Jacquinot): 1st 197,198. Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Jacquinot): Zoea I 77 juvenile crab 43 199,200. Macrophtha/mus hirtipes (Jacquinot): 114,115. Elamena /ongirostris Filhol: Zoea I 44 Megalopa 77 LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Guide to the zoea larvae of the New Zealand Brachyura based on the position of carapace spines 79 4 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Larvae of the Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) by R.G. Wear' and D.R. Fielder2 I. Zoology Department, 2. Zoology Department, Victoria University of Wellington, University of Queensland, Private Bag, Wellington, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, New Zealand. Australia 4067. ABSTRACT Some 74 species ofBrachyura (including the Dromiacea) are known to belong to the New Zealand fauna. This report provides detail and illustrations of the larvae and larval development of 53 of these species. The complete larval development, including the crab-like megalopa stage, is described for 25 species, while present coverage of the remaining 28 species still lacks either late zoea stages or the megalopa. Only the first stage zoea larva and the megalopa are figured here and descriptions are restricted to characters of immediate use in the recognition of species. Our treatment of the later zoea larval stages is confined to overall dimensions, key measurements, and comments relating to whether or not the species conform with a set pattern of morphological progression between suc­ cessive instars. Of the 21 recorded species for which we have no larval information, the great majority occur as adults in deep water on the northern or southern parts of the continental shelf or slope and are therefore infrequently caught. In ten of these cases, where congeners are available from beyond the New Zealand region, these have been illustrated and described briefly to demonstrate the larval characters which may be anticipated to occur in our representatives. This paper collates all existing and new information and is intended to fill a gap in the literature available to practising planktologists. The format is therefore that of an "atlas" of the larvae of the New Zealand Brachyura, and the systematic section is introduced by describing and illustrating the life-history of Cancer novaezelandiae (Jacquinot, 1853) in full, to detail the descriptive anatomy and basic changes which occur typically in a zoea larval series and the subsequent megalopa. Keys to the zoea and megalopa larvae of the New Zealand Brachyura are provided. These are based on easily recognisable characters, for the most part exclusive for each genus and species. The likelihood of the larvae occurring in plankton samples is assessed for most species from what is known of their life­ histories, larval morphology and habits. Affinities and possible evolutionary relationships of the lar­ vae have not been treated in any detail.