A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 907: 1–99 (2020) Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.907.36563 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from South-East Asia revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding Théo Léger1, Christian Kehlmaier2, Charles S. Vairappan3, Matthias Nuss2 1 Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstr., Berlin, Germany 2 Senckenberg Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstr., Dresden, Germany 3 Institu- te for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Corresponding author: Théo Léger ([email protected]) Academic editor: Colin Plant | Received 27 May 2019 | Accepted 25 August 2019 | Published 29 January 2020 http://zoobank.org/DBF339E5-EBBC-4619-9438-8359C769473F Citation: Léger T, Kehlmaier C, Vairappan CS, Nuss M (2020) Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from South-East Asia revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding. ZooKeys 907: 1–99. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.907.36563 Abstract Hoploscopa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a fern-feeding genus found in montane areas of South- East Asia and Melanesia, eastwards up to the Samoan Islands. It includes sixteen described species, with at least 70 further undescribed species known from scientific collections. An iterative approach including morphological and molecular characters was used in order to explore the diversity of Hoploscopa. The hith- erto described species are revised, and descriptions authored by T. Léger and M. Nuss are provided for an additional 26 new species: H. agtuuganonensis sp. nov., H. albipuncta sp. nov., H. albomaculata sp. nov., H. anacantha sp. nov., H. boleta sp. nov., H. cynodonta sp. nov., H. danaoensis sp. nov., H. gombongi sp. nov., H. gracilis sp. nov., H. ignitamaculae sp. nov., H. isarogensis sp. nov., H. jubata sp. nov., H. kelama sp. nov., H. kinabaluensis sp. nov., H. mallyi sp. nov., H. marijoweissae sp. nov., H. matheae sp. nov., H. niveofascia sp. nov., H. pangrangoensis sp. nov., H. parvimacula sp. nov., H. pseudometacrossa sp. nov., H. sepanggi sp. nov., H. sumatrensis sp. nov., H. titika sp. nov., H. tonsepi sp. nov., H. ypsilon sp. nov. Using a protocol specific for the amplification of DNA from old museum specimens, we recovered 101 COI barcodes for all but one of the newly described species, with 76 being barcode compliant (>487 bp). Species delimitation analyses suggest cryptic diversity, with six cases reflecting allopatric divergence, and two further cases found in sympatry. Keywords Indo-malayan, integrative taxonomy, historic DNA, Melanesia, Pyraloidea, taxonomy Copyright Théo Léger et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Théo Léger et al. / ZooKeys 907: 1–99 (2020) Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3 Materials and methods ............................................................................................. 4 Material acquisition ........................................................................................... 4 Iterative approach ............................................................................................... 4 Molecular work .................................................................................................. 5 Data analyses ...................................................................................................... 5 Species delimitation ........................................................................................... 6 Systematic treatment .......................................................................................... 7 Results ...................................................................................................................... 7 Molecular dataset ............................................................................................... 7 Species delimitation ........................................................................................... 8 Systematics ......................................................................................................... 8 Hoploscopa Meyrick, 1886 ............................................................................ 8 Hoploscopa albipuncta Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ....................................... 12 Hoploscopa matheae Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .......................................... 15 Hoploscopa sepanggi Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .......................................... 17 Hoploscopa cynodonta Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ....................................... 18 Hoploscopa parvimacula Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .................................... 20 Hoploscopa kinabaluensis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .................................. 22 Hoploscopa luteomacula Nuss, 1998 ...................................................... 24 Hoploscopa obliqua (Rothschild, 1915) ................................................. 25 Hoploscopa niveofascia Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ...................................... 26 Hoploscopa gombongi Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ........................................ 27 Hoploscopa tonsepi Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................................ 28 Hoploscopa marijoweissae Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .................................. 30 Hoploscopa titika Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .............................................. 31 Hoploscopa pangrangoensis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ................................ 32 Hoploscopa isarogensis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ....................................... 33 Hoploscopa ypsilon Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................................ 35 Hoploscopa danaoensis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ....................................... 36 Hoploscopa aurantiacalis (Snellen, 1895) ............................................... 39 Hoploscopa brunnealis (Snellen, 1895) .................................................. 40 Hoploscopa ocellata (Hampson, 1919) .................................................. 41 Hoploscopa quadripuncta (Rotschild, 1915) .......................................... 42 Hoploscopa semifascia (Hampson, 1919) ............................................... 43 Hoploscopa subvariegata (Rotschild, 1915) ............................................ 44 Hoploscopa persimilis (Rotschild, 1915) ................................................ 45 Hoploscopa diffusa (Hampson, 1919) .................................................... 46 Hoploscopa triangulifera (Hampson, 1919) ........................................... 47 Hoploscopa astrapias Meyrick, 1886 ...................................................... 48 Hoploscopa anamesa Tams, 1935 ........................................................... 50 Hoploscopa nauticorum Tams, 1935 ...................................................... 51 Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa 3 Hoploscopa anacantha Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ....................................... 52 Hoploscopa kelama Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................................ 53 Hoploscopa ignitamaculae Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ................................. 55 Hoploscopa albomaculata Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .................................. 63 Hoploscopa sumatrensis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ...................................... 64 Hoploscopa mallyi Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................................. 65 Hoploscopa gracilis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................................ 68 Hoploscopa agtuuganonensis Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .............................. 69 Hoploscopa boleta Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. .............................................. 70 Hoploscopa pseudometacrossa Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................. 72 Hoploscopa metacrossa (Hampson, 1917) .............................................. 73 Hoploscopa jubata Léger & Nuss, sp. nov. ............................................. 75 Misplaced species ....................................................................................... 76 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 88 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 89 References .............................................................................................................. 90 Appendix ................................................................................................................ 95 Supplementary material 1 ....................................................................................... 98 Supplementary material 2 ....................................................................................... 98 Supplementary material 3 ....................................................................................... 98 Supplementary material 4 ....................................................................................... 99 Introduction South-East Asia is home to a rich biodiversity encompassing three of the 25 world’s biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. 2000). Pyraloidea is one of the largest