Wai 2200 Ngātiawa / Te Āti Awa Research Needs Scoping Report Tony Walzl WALGHAN PARTNERS 20 October 2015 [DRAFT ONLY] Wai 2200 Porirua ki Manawatū District Inquiry Report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal Ngāti Awa / Te Āti Awa Research Needs Scoping Report DRAFT FOR FEEDBACK, October 2015 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 7 COMMISSION ............................................................................................................................................ 7 CLAIMS ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 11 TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 13 SECTION I: TRANSMUTATION OF CUSTOMARY RIGHTS AND INTERESTS: 1819-1900 ............... 15 1. THE GAINING OF CUSTOMARY RIGHTS: 1819-1840 ....................................................................... 15 Background: First explorations to Te Amiowhenua ......................................................... 16 Te Heke Tataramoa to Waiorua ....................................................................................... 18 Subsequent Heke ............................................................................................................... 21 Haowhenua and Kuititanga .............................................................................................. 22 Research Issues ................................................................................................................. 23 Broad Overview Research Issues ...................................................................................... 24 Specific Research Issues ................................................................................................... 25 2. THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPRESSION OF CUSTOMARY RIGHTS: 1840-1880 ................................. 28 Customary Rights and Crown Interaction: 1840s ............................................................ 29 Whareroa and Wainui Purchases ..................................................................................... 31 Expression of Rights beyond Kukutauaki ......................................................................... 33 The Ahuaturanga and Rangitikei-Manawatu purchases 1864-1866 .................................. 33 Title Investigation of the Manawatu-Kukutauaki Block 1872 .......................................... 35 Whitireia and Wi Parata ................................................................................................... 36 Research Issues ................................................................................................................. 38 3. IRREVOCABLE TRANSMUTATION: NGARARA 1880-1900 ................................................................ 43 Initial Hearings and the 1887 Partition ............................................................................ 43 Protest and Investigation 1888-9 ...................................................................................... 47 Rehearing and Complaint 1890-1900 ............................................................................... 48 1890 Ngarara West Block ................................................................................................. 51 Location map for the Ngarara West Block ....................................................................... 52 Research Issues ................................................................................................................. 53 4. METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES ...................................................................................................... 57 Other Reports ................................................................................................................... 57 The Gaining of Customary Rights: 1819-1840 ................................................................. 57 Customary Rights and Crown Actions: 1840-1880 ........................................................... 59 Ngarara: 1880-1900 .......................................................................................................... 60 Sources ............................................................................................................................. 61 NLC and Inquiry Minutes ................................................................................................. 61 Other Sources .................................................................................................................... 64 2 Ngāti Awa / Te Āti Awa Research Needs Scoping Report DRAFT FOR FEEDBACK, October 2015 SECTION II: ALIENATION AND LOSS (1900-2015): ........................................................................... 66 1. LAND ALIENATION AND UTILISATION ............................................................................................ 67 Generic Research Issues ................................................................................................... 68 Specific Research Issues ................................................................................................... 68 Karewarewa ...................................................................................................................... 69 Kapiti Island ...................................................................................................................... 70 Parata Native Township .................................................................................................... 73 Generic Sources ................................................................................................................ 77 2. WHĀNAU ........................................................................................................................................ 79 Research Approach ........................................................................................................... 80 Sources ............................................................................................................................. 82 3. PUBLIC WORKS .............................................................................................................................. 83 Generic Research Issues ................................................................................................... 84 Specific Research Issues ................................................................................................... 86 Paraparaumu Airport ......................................................................................................... 86 Kapiti Expressway (Takamore and other Ngātiawa/Te Āti Awa land) ............................. 90 4. LOCAL GOVERNMENT .................................................................................................................... 94 Research Issues ................................................................................................................. 94 5. ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................... 97 Research Issues ................................................................................................................. 98 Waterways ...................................................................................................................... 100 6. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 102 CFRT Commissioned Research ...................................................................................... 102 Block Research Narratives .............................................................................................. 102 Public Works Issues ........................................................................................................ 103 Local Government .......................................................................................................... 104 Inland Waterways ........................................................................................................... 106 Environmental and Natural Resource Issues ................................................................... 108 Overview and Gap-Filling Report .................................................................................. 109 SECTION III: ORAL AND TRADITIONAL PROJECT ........................................................................ 115 SECTION IV: RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 118 1. 19TH CENTURY LAND ISSUES AND CROWN RELATIONSHIP .......................................................... 118 2. 20TH CENTURY OVERVIEW AND GAP-FILLING ............................................................................. 120 3. ORAL AND TRADITIONAL PROJECT ............................................................................................... 122 4. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 124 APPENDIX A: RESEARCH COMMISSION .............................................................................................