University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2008 Disordered Eating Behavior Frequency and Body Mass Index Comparison among Racially Diverse Sorority Women: The Strong Bodies and Strong Minds Unite Sisters! Study Leah M. Kittle University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Kittle, Leah M., "Disordered Eating Behavior Frequency and Body Mass Index Comparison among Racially Diverse Sorority Women: The Strong Bodies and Strong Minds Unite Sisters! Study. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2008. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3662 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Leah M. Kittle entitled "Disordered Eating Behavior Frequency and Body Mass Index Comparison among Racially Diverse Sorority Women: The Strong Bodies and Strong Minds Unite Sisters! Study." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Nutrition. Lisa Jahns, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Leslee Fisher, Jay Whelan Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Leah M. Kittle entitled “Disordered Eating Behavior Frequency and Body Mass Index Comparison among Racially Diverse Sorority Women: The Strong Bodies and Strong Minds Unite Sisters! Study.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Nutrition. Lisa Jahns, Ph.D., RD, Major Professor We have read this thesis And recommend its acceptance: Leslee Fisher, Ph.D. Jay Whelan, Ph.D. Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures on file with official student records.) Disordered Eating Behavior Frequency and Body Mass Index Comparison among Racially Diverse Sorority Women: The Strong Bodies and Strong Minds Unite Sisters! Study A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee Leah M. Kittle August 2008 Acknowledgements First and foremost is my major professor, Dr. Lisa Jahns. Her unfailing support and encouragement have kept me motivated through the entire thesis process. I have come to appreciate her both as a mentor and friend. Secondly, to the other PIs of this original study, Karen Wetherall, MS, RD, LDN and Shemyra Johnson, thank you for your tireless efforts in putting together the original survey and IRB submission. To my other committee members, Dr. Leslee Fisher and Dr. Jay Whelan, your research expertise has been an invaluable asset to me. And finally, my family and friends, who both graciously and not-so-graciously kept me motivated when I had thoughts of giving up! I love you all! And it‟s finally done! ii Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the frequency of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) among primarily Caucasian and primarily Minority sorority women. A secondary purpose was to describe weight status of sorority women by comparing Body Mass Index (BMI) categories, using guidelines from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), among the two sorority groups. Method: Sorority women (primarily Caucasian, n=291; primarily Minority, n=44) completed an online survey designed to assess lifestyle habits, body image, and eating attitudes. We focused upon differences in Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) global and subscale scores and BMI scores, calculated from self-reported height and weight, between primarily Caucasian and primarily Minority sorority women. Results: The mean global scores for primarily Caucasian sororities was 1.98 ± 1.30; for primarily Minority sororities, 1.72 ± 1.40 (p≤0.23). The reported mean BMI of the primarily Caucasian sororities was 22.34 ± 2.66 compared to the reported mean BMI of the primarily Minority sororities at 26.99 ± 5.96 (p≤ 0.001). The prevalence of overweight, based upon self-report height and weight, among primarily Caucasian sorority women was 12.71% compared to the prevalence of overweight among primarily Minority sorority women at 31.82% (p≤ 0.001). The prevalence of obesity among primarily Caucasian sorority women was 1.37%, compared to primarily Minority sorority women at 22.73% (p≤ 0.001). iii Conclusion: There was no significant difference in either mean EDE-Q global or subscale scores between sorority groups. Both sorority groups reported low EDE-Q global scores, indicating a low frequency of DEB among all participants. This finding contradicts the belief that Caucasian women exhibit more DEB than do Minority women. While there was no difference between the EDE-Q scores between sorority groups, there was a significant difference in mean BMI and percentage of women in the overweight and obese CDC BMI categories. Primarily Minority sorority women reported a higher mean BMI, as well as greater prevalence of overweight and obesity than did primarily Caucasian sorority women. In conclusion, these results highlight the importance of questioning long standing assumptions regarding DEB, such as Caucasian and women being at greater risk than Minority women. iv Table of Contents Background and Significance ............................................................................................. 1 Eating Disorder vs Disordered Eating ............................................................................ 1 Populations At Risk for Developing Eating Disorders ................................................... 3 Caucasian Women ...................................................................................................... 3 Age .............................................................................................................................. 4 Sorority Membership .................................................................................................. 5 Minority Women and ED and DEB ............................................................................ 6 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 7 Participants ...................................................................................................................... 7 Formal Organization of Sororities on Campus ............................................................... 7 Primarily Caucasian Sororities ................................................................................... 7 Primarily Minority Sororities ...................................................................................... 8 Recruitment ..................................................................................................................... 9 Survey Tool ..................................................................................................................... 9 Eating Disorder Examination Interview Instrument ................................................... 9 Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire .......................................................... 10 Anthropometrics and Body Mass Index ....................................................................... 12 Procedure ...................................................................................................................... 12 Statistical Analyses ....................................................................................................... 13 Results ............................................................................................................................... 15 Demographic characteristics ......................................................................................... 15 Predominantly Caucasian Sororities ......................................................................... 15 Predominantly Minority Sororities ........................................................................... 15 EDE-Q........................................................................................................................... 15 Body Mass Index .......................................................................................................... 19 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 21 References ......................................................................................................................... 28 Appendices ........................................................................................................................ 32 Appendix A ................................................................................................................... 33 Strong Bodies and Strong Minds Unite Sisters! Study