Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89940-6 - Fern Ecology Edited by Klaus Mehltreter, Lawrence R. Walker and Joanne M. Sharpe Index More information Index Numbers in italics point to b/w figures, numbers in bold refer to color plate numbers. 2,4-D, 300 plants, 80 ABA, see abscisic acid tree ferns, 81 abandoned fields, 182 Aglaomorpha, 154, 242 Abies, 225 Aglaophyton major, 228 abscisic acid, 158 agricultural run-off, 132, 293 abundance of ferns, 327, 336, 371 Agrostis capillaris, 232 Acer saccharum, 191 Agrotis ipsilon, 304 acid rain, 132 air currents, 23 acidic soil, 204 Ajuga, 272 Acrospermum, 224 Alaska, 195, 202, 204 Acrostichum, 41, 144 alien species, see introduced species A. aureum, 194 alkaloids, 240 A. danaeifolium, 86, 96, 98, 99, 188, 241, 280, 329 allelopathy, 184, 207 actinomycin D, 158 alluvial terrace, 119 Actinostachys alpine lady fern see Athyrium distentifolium A. pennula, 280 Alsophila, 83 adaptations to A. bryophila, 195 epiphytic habitat, 222 A. firma, 82, 98, 100, 239, 239, 336 seasonal climates, 332 A. incana, 193 xeric environments, 140, 147 A. setosa, 79, 81 adder’s tongues, see Ophioglossaceae alternation of generations, 7, 12, 12 Adenophorus, 25 alternation of hosts, 225 Adiantopsis aluminum, 112, 241, 366 A. seemannii, 330 Amazonia, 36, 44, 121 Adiantum, 44, 150 Ambia, 303 A. capillus-veneris, 189, 283 American Fern Society, 324 A. humile, 121 ammonium, 117 A. lianxianense, 346 Anabaena azollae, 116, 222, 288 A. lunulatum, 167 Andes, 29, 31, 33, 36, 82, 144, 301, 347 A. pulverulentum, 121 Anemia karwinskyana, 330 A. raddianum, 283 Anetium, 167 A. reniforme, 340 A. citrifolium, 166, 330 A. tomentosum, 121 Aneugmenus adjuvants, 300 A. merida, 301 adventitious buds, 278 A. padi, 271 aerenchyma, 286, 288 Angiopteris Africa, 1, 25, 34, 40, 140, 167, 168, 342 A. evecta, 6, 282, 291 age A. smithii, 329 clones, 84 angiosperms, 7, 8, 12, 12, 16, 28, 41, 118, 128, 129, determination, 80, 365 147, 160, 230, 233, 324 families, 28 annual plant, see therophyte 429 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89940-6 - Fern Ecology Edited by Klaus Mehltreter, Lawrence R. Walker and Joanne M. Sharpe Index More information 430 Index Anogramma Aureobasidium pullulans, 222 A. ascensionensis, 346 Australia, 27 A. leptophylla, 168 arid floodplain, 189 ant ferns, 117, 244 disturbance, 342 ant protection, 242, 243 endangered species, 282 antagonism, 221 endemism, 347 antheridiogens, 68, 69, 335 epiphytic ferns, 114, 143 antheridium, 13, 69 extinction rates, 341 anthocyanins, 225 fire, 191 Anthomyiidae, 237 problem ferns, 275, 285 anthracnosis, 224 tree ferns, 169 Anthus trivialis, 273 Austromusotima camptozonale, 303 antibiotics, 223 Azolla, 115, 289, 300 antioxidants, 160, 161 A. filiculoides, 288, 304, 305 antler fern, see Ceratopteris A. pinnata, 190, 288, 289, 303 Antrophyum lanceolatum, 243 Azores, 268, 282, 294, 307 AOO, see area of occupancy Azores bullfinch, see Pyrrhula murina Apatelodidae, 236, 237 Azteca ants, 245 aphids, 234, 237, 243, 271 Apodemus sylvaticus, 273 basal area, 119, 120 apogamy, 9, 71, 79, 198 batswing fern, see Histiopteris incisa Archangiopteris itoi, 340 beetles, 234, 303 archegonium, 13, 69 bioassay, 241 area of occupancy, 344, 345, 345 biochemical defense, 225, 239 Argynnis adippe, 272 biofuel, 268 Argyrochosma, 162, 241, 330 biogeography, 22, 360 arid environments, 366 Biomaphalaria boissyi, 287 Aristolochia tomentosa, 280 biomass, 3, 72, 94, 117, 188 Arrhenius equation, 332 Bioscypha pteridicola, 223 arsenic, 5, 11, 241, 283 bird’s nest fern, see Asplenium nidus Artemisia, 296 birds, 232, 272, 277, 286, 287 Ascension Island, 346, 347 black spleenwort, see Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Ascochyta pteridis, 270 Blechnum, 11 Ascomycota, 223, 224, 227, 228, 231 B. appendiculatum, 7, 281, 338 Asplenium, 28, 41, 44, 157 B. attenuatum, 9, 76 A. adiantum-nigrum, 25 B. auratum, 338, 339 A. castaneum, 144 B. buchtienii, see B. auratum A. ceterach, 150, 153, 159 B. discolor, 201 A. dianae, 330 B. occidentale, 133, 149, 167 A. hookerianum, 27 B. punctulatum, 225 A. marinum, 283 B. schiedeanum, 338 A. nidus, 72, 114, 144, 165 B. serrulatum, 279 A. platyneuron, 241 B. spicant, 85, 132, 159, 190, 191, 225 A. praemorsum, 158 B. stoloniferum, 339 A. ruta-muraria, 157, 340 B. tabulare, 205 A. scolopendrium, 85, 91 B. werckleanum, 338, 339 A. septentrionale, 76, 340 blue-green algae, 288 A. sessilifolium, 198 bogs, 230, 339 A. trichomanes, 85, 86, 91, 157 Bolivia, 27–33, 35, 45, 191, 193, 329, 348 A. tunquiniense, 28 Boloria euphrosyne, 272, 272 A. viride, 28, 340 Bommeria elegans, 330 Astrolepis, 148 boreal forests, 198 asulam, 296 boreal wetlands, 202 Athyrium, 225 Borneo, 27, 35 A. distentifolium, 70, 89, 90 Boston fern, see Nephrolepis exaltata A. filix-femina, 65, 70, 90, 132, 159, 204, 224 Botrychium, 92 A. japonicum, see Deparia petersenii B. lunaria, 273 A. pycnocarpon, 241 B. mormo, 231 A. sandwichianum, 194 B. pallidum, 329 A. tejeroi, 330 B. pinnatum, 5 Atta colombica, 225 B. virginianum, 335, 364 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89940-6 - Fern Ecology Edited by Klaus Mehltreter, Lawrence R. Walker and Joanne M. Sharpe Index More information Index 431 Botswana, 329 Chinese brake fern, see Pteris vittata bracken, see Pteridium Chinese fir-moss, see Huperzia serrata braid fern, see Platyzoma microphyllum Chirosia, 271 brake ferns, see Pteridaceae chlorophyll, 12, 24, 29, 67, 77, 334 Brazil, 79, 81, 153, 190, 267, 282, 284, chlorophyll fluorescence, 159 329, 347, 350 Chondrostethus woodfordii, 238 breeding systems, 69, 335 Christ, Hermann, 3 British Colombia, 5 Christmas fern, see Polystichum acrostichoides British Pteridological Society, 324 chronosequence, 129, 131, 194 brittle fern, see Cystopteris fragilis Chusquea subtessellata, 339 broad buckler fern, see Dryopteris dilatata Cibotium, 83, 204, 208, 282 bromeliads, 34, 115, 153, 163, 233, 372 C. glaucum, 100, 102, 119, 132, 186, 196, 199, buds, 7, 62, 198 202–04, 203 on gametophytes, see gemmae C. taiwanense, 83, 98 on sporophytes, 79 cinnamon fern, see Osmunda cinnamomea Burhinus oedicnemus, 273 circinate vernation, 9 butterflies, 234, 272, 273 Circus cyaneus, 273 CITES, 325, 342, 349, 374 C:N ratio, 119 Cladium jamaicense, 279 C3-photosynthesis, 162 classification system, 17, 379 cacti, 163 clay content, 121, 122 Calamites, 16 cliffs, 181 calcium, 131, 242, 366 climatic California, 35, 191, 207, 288 changes, 26 Callopistria juventina, 271 extremes, 24 CAM, see crassulacean acid metabolism shifts, 27, 46 Camellia sinensis, 294 tolerance hypothesis, 40 Cameroon, 186 variation, 332 Camponotus ants, 243 climbing ferns, 4, 12, 77, 183, 199, 278 Canada, 5, 89, 341 clone, 84, 197 Canary Isles, 270 cloud condensation belt, 46 cancer, 263, 266–68, 295, 307 cloud forests, 2, 29, 31, 33, 82, 363 Caprimulgus europaeus, 273 Cnemidaria uleana, 223 carbon isotopes, 165 coffee plantation, 328, 328 Carboniferous, 16, 221, 232, 324 collateral damage, 293 carcinogen, 3, 240, 264, 266, 267 Colletotrichum, 224 Carduelis flavirostris, 273 C. gloeosporioides, 303 carotenoids, 160 Colocasia esculenta, 289 carpet club-moss, see Lycopodium diffusum Colombia, 82, 223 Carrasco National Park, 27 colonization of land, 115 carton runway, 117 Colorado, 96 cation concentrations, 118, 121 Colorado River, 305 cattle, 31, 191, 232, 263, 295, 307 commercial trade, 2, 342, 349 caves, 333 commercial value of ornamental ferns, 308 cavitation, 149 common club-moss, see Lycopodium clavatum Cecidomyiidae, 235 common polypody, see Polypodium vulgare Cecropia peltata, 204 common quillwort, see Isoëtes lacustris cell wall, 131, 240, 366 competition, 31, 205, 206, 264, 367, 368 Cenozoic, 16 compost, 268 Ceratopteris, 41 conservation of ferns, 87, 323, 350, 370 C. thalictroides, 269, 288 containment, 292 cesium, 3 control of problem ferns, 293 Cheilanthes, 11, 149, 159, 162, 331 biological, 285, 301 C. kaulfussii, 143 chemical, 296 C. lanosa, 231 costs, 305–08 C. myriophylla, 143 physical, 294 C. parryi, 96, 149, 150, 159, 168, 170 copper, 274 C. sieberi, 267 Corticium anceps, 270 cheilanthoid ferns, 2, 144 Corydalis claviculata, 272 Chile, 264 Costa Rica China, 124, 262, 283, 290, 304, 340, 346, 347 ant ferns, 243 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89940-6 - Fern Ecology Edited by Klaus Mehltreter, Lawrence R. Walker and Joanne M. Sharpe Index More information 432 Index Costa Rica (cont.) Cystopteris, 157 cloud forest, 338 C. dickieana, 78 dry forest, 149, 167 C. fragilis, 28, 189 elevational gradient, 35, 35, 38, 39, 39, 43, 45, 47 endemism, 30 dairy industry, 307 fern endemism, 31 Danaea, 157 fire, 190, 206 D. elliptica, 73, 98 gall insects, 235, 238 D. wendlandii, 4, 10, 66, 72, 76, herbivory, 236 87, 98 introduced species, 6, 282 dark germination, 335 mycorrhizae, 231 Dasineura, 271 páramo, 3, 339 data bases, 101 Pteridium, 207, 267, 273 Davallia, 167 rain forest, 9, 10, 64, 124 debris removal, 93 soil specificity, 44 deciduousness, 167 Cotornix japonicus, 267 deep phylogenetic splits, 27 cover, 117 deer fern, see Blechnum spicant crassulacean acid metabolism, 162, 164 defoliation, 100 Craterostigma, 158 deforestation, 342 Crematogaster ants, 243, 245 demography, 65, 80, 91 Cretaceous, 221, 233, 324 Dennstaedtia punctilobula, 5, 189, Crocicreas sessilis, 223 200, 205 cross-fertilization, 13 Deparia crozier, 9, 97 D. acrostichoides, 78 crushing, 295 D. petersenii, 281 cryopreservation, 350 deserts, 4, 96, 144, 159 Cryptomeria japonica, 326 desiccation tolerance, 3, 145, 150, 155, 158, Cryptomycena pteridis, 270 159, 366 Cuculus canorus, 273 destructive harvesting, 93 Cucurbita okeechobeensis, 280 developmental triggers, 365 Culcita macrocarpa, 232 Devonian, 16, 220 cuticle, 150, 151, 157, 159 dicamba, 300 cutting, 294 Dicksonia, 83, 300 cyanogenic glycosides, 240 D. antarctica, 191, 342, 349 Cyathea, 83, 326, 367 D. fibrosa, 82 C. arborea, 75, 185, 195, 199, 204 D. sellowiana, 193 C. australis, 191 D. squarrosa, 119, 120, 202, 278 C. borinquena, 93 Dicranopteris, 77, 169 C. caracasana, 82, 196, 208 D.