respect for ancestors, whose spirits are ancestor veneration frequently believe to possess the power to influence the affairs of the living the spiritual life principle of the universe, atman especially when regarded as inherent in the real self of the individual a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit Bhagavad Gita that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata Hindu movement which taught the importance of devotion to God(s), praise & worship, and that there should be no Bhakti Movement distinctions of class, color, cast, etc., and that all people had a right to the release from the cycle of birth and life (moksha). Hindu concept of the supreme existence Brahman or absolute reality. All Hindu gods are considered manifestations of Brahman. members of the highest caste in Brahmins Hinduism - that of the priesthood a religion of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Siddhārtha Gautama that suffering is Buddhism inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by cultivating wisdom, virtue, and concentration a system of government in which Bureaucracy decisions day-to-day are made by state officials, rather than elected officials an artificial waterway constructed to canals allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation. centralization vs. varying degrees by which government power is concentrated under a single decentralization authority 1st century religion based upon the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth and his followers. Believes that Christianity Jesus was the son of God, and God incarnate, sent as a sacrifice for the salvation of all mankind. a system of philosophical and ethical Confucianism teachings founded in China, which focuses on the importance of relationships. another term for forced military conscription service, also called a draft familiar with and at ease in many cosmopolitan different countries and cultures Written by Laozi, this is the Daodejing fundamental text of Daoism. the Chinese religion which teaches that an Daoism (Taoism) energy permeates all things and people must attempt to tap into that energy art and practice of conducting diplomacy negotiations between representatives of states a form of government in which people direct democracy directly vote on government policies an extensive group of states or countries empire under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress. a long, serious, poetic narrative about a epic poems significant event, often featuring a hero a strain of Greek philosophy focusing ethical/rational philosophy less on the supernatural and more on the physical world is a virtue of respect for one's filial piety parents, elders, and ancestors Roman term for the north-central region Germania of Europe, inhabited by Germanic tribes. a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Greco-Persian Wars Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC The imitation and spread of Greek Hellenism culture throughout Afro-Eurasia. a major religious and cultural tradition of Hinduism South Asia, developed from Vedic religion a non-theistic religion that focuses on pacifism, Jainism asceticism, & reaching salvation through perfection, while living successive lives Chinese governing philosophy focusing legalism on strict adherence to law and severe punishments. systems by which societies legal systems create & enforce laws. New form of Buddhism that develops in along trade routes in East & North Asia. Deified the Buddha & Mahayana Buddhism encourages following the example of the bodhisattvas, and spreading enlightenment. the classical idea that Chinese emperors Mandate of Heaven were granted divine authority to rule, so loan as they governed fairly & morally release from the cycle of moksha rebirth in the Hindu faith a religious way of life in which one Monasticism renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work development of economic systems monetary economics away from barter, more toward a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from Nirvana the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism a member of the Roman elite, patrician which originally ruled Rome. the long period of relative peace & Pax Romana prosperity in the Roman Empire during the 1st & 2nd centuries CE era of Chinese history in which powerful Period of Warring States lords in different regions of China fought for power & control plebeian Roman commoner the cycle of rebirth in reincarnation Hinduism & Buddhism the routes taken in the shipping of goods - mostly via Sea Lanes the Indian Ocean & Mediterranean Sea during the classical period the term that applies to the overland network of Silk Roads trade and cultural contacts that connected different regions of Eurasia in the ancient period the mixing or attempted combining of syncretism different religions, cultures, or schools of thought A more traditional form of Buddhism, which views the Buddha as a great teacher. Focuses on the individual Theravada Buddhism search for enlightenment, through following the 8- Fold Noble Path. Practiced mainly in Southeast Asia. Type of drama or literary work in which the main Tragedy plays character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, usually because of a tragic flaw (i.e. hubris) the legislation that stood at Twelve Tables the foundation of Roman Law Part of the Vedas. Ancient Sanskrit texts Upanishads that contained some of the central concepts & ideas of Hinduism. Confederation of nomadic peoples who Xiongnu established an empire in the Asian Steppe... They were the forerunners of the Mongols the representations of opposite forces Yin & Yang in the natural order of the world.