CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVINATION MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI GOVERNMENT OF INDIA GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK OF HARYANA STATE (2018-2019) North Western Region Chandigarh September 2019 CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVINATION MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI GOVERNMENT OF INDIA GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK OF HARYANA STATE (2018-2019) Principal Contributors Amandeep Kaur, GROUND WATER DYNAMICS: Scientist B (Hydrogeologist) HYDROMETEOROLOGY Aditya Sharma, AHM Dhan Parkash GROUND WATER QUALITY: Scientist B (Chemist) REPORT EDITING AND S K Mohiddin, Senior Hydrogeologist PROCESSING FOREWORD Central Ground Water Board has been monitoring ground water levels and ground water quality of the country since 1968 to depict the spatial and temporal variation of ground water regime. The changes in water levels and quality are result of the development pattern of the ground water resources for irrigation and drinking water needs. Analyses of water level fluctuations are aimed at observing seasonal, annual and decadal variations. Therefore, the accurate monitoring of the ground water levels and its quality both in time and space are the main pre-requisites for assessment, scientific development and planning of this vital resource. Central Ground Water Board, North Western Region, Chandigarh has established Ground Water Observation Wells (GWOW) in Haryana State for monitoring the water levels. As on 31.03.2019, there were 1227 Ground Water Observation Wells which included 521 dug wells and 653 piezometers for monitoring phreatic aquifers besides 53 deep piezometers for monitoring confined/ semi- confined aquifers. These observation wells are being monitored four times a year in the months of May, August, November and January, being undertaken simultaneously throughout the country. This report presents the observations and findings for the period from May 2018 to January 2019. Mrs Amandeep Kaur, Scientist 'B' have made concerted efforts to compile and analyse the data and prepare the report in the present form. The chapter on Chemical quality of ground water has been compiled and contributed by Shri Dhan Parakash, Scientist 'B'. This report incorporates all the analytical data on ground water monitoring done in Haryana State and provides valuable information on prevailing ground water regime to the user agencies and other stakeholders as well. (Anoop Nagar) Regional Director 3 GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK HARYANA STATE 2018-2019 CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-4 1.1 Physiography 1.2 Geohydrological Conditions 1.3 Rivers of Haryana 1.4 Hydrometeorology 2.0 HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP 4-6 3.0 GROUND WATER REGIME MONITORING 6 3.1 Depth to Water Level 6 3.1.1 May 2018 6 3.1.2 August 2018 7 3.1.3 November 2018 9 3.1.4 January 2019 10 3.2 Ground Water Elevation and Flow Directions 3.2.1 May 2018 12 3.3 Seasonal Water Level Fluctuations 13 3.3.1 January 2018-May 2018 13 3.3.2 May 2018- August 2018 14 3.3.3 May 2018- November 2018 16 3.3.4 May 2018- January 2019 17 3.4 Annual Water Level Fluctuations 18 3.4.1 May 2017-May 2018 18 3.4.2 August 2017- August 2018 19 3.4.3 November 2017- November 2018 20 3.4.4 January 2018- January 2019 21 3.5 Water Level Fluctuations from the Decadal Mean 22 3.5.1 May (2008-2017) – May 2018 22 3.5.2 August (2008-2017) – August 2018 23 3.5.3 November (2008-2017) – November 2018 24 3.5.4 January (2009-2018) – January 2019 25 4 4.0 GROUND WATER QUALITY IN HARYANA- May 2018 26 4.1 Sampling and Analysis 26 4.2 Composition of Water 27 4.3 Distribution of Electrical Conductance 29 4.4 Distribution of Chloride 29 4.5 Distribution of Nitrate 33 4.6 Distribution of Fluoride 33 4.7 Types of Waters 36 4.8 Suitability for Drinking 36 4.9 Suitability for Irrigation 37 4.10 Suitability for Industries 38 4.11 Temporal Variation 38 4.12 Conclusions on Ground Water Quality 40 FIGURES Depth to Water Level Maps 1. May 2018 2. August 2018 3. November 2018 4. January 2019 Ground Water Elevation and Flow Direction Map 5. May 2018 Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation Maps 6. Jan 2018- May 2018 7. May 2018- August 2018 8. May 2018- November 2018 9. May 2018 – January 2019 Annual Water Level Fluctuation Maps 10. May 2017– May 2018 11. August 2017– August 2018 12. November 2017– November 2018 13. January 2018– January 2019 5 Decadal Mean Water Level Fluctuation Maps 14. Decadal Mean May (2008:2017) -May 2018 15. Decadal Mean August (2008:2017) –August 2018 16. Decadal Mean November (2008:2017) –November 2018 17. Decadal Mean January (2009:2018) -January 2019 Chemical Quality of Ground Water May 2018 18. Distribution of Electrical Conductance in ground water 19. Distribution of Chlorides in shallow ground water 20. Distribution of Nitrates in shallow ground water 21. Distribution of Fluorides in shallow ground water TABLES 1. Generalized Stratigraphy of Haryana State (after GSI, 2012) 2. District wise ground water observation wells in Haryana State. 3. Density of ground water observation wells in Haryana State. 4. Range of depth to water levels in May 2018, August 2018, November 2018 and January 2019 in Haryana State. 5. District wise distribution of chemical quality of ground waters District wise distribution of ground waters in different classes of drinking water suitability. 6. District wise irrigation rating of ground waters 7. Periodic variations in suitability classes of ground waters ANNEXURES I. Depth to Water Levels in Haryana State. II. Seasonal Water Level Fluctuations in Haryana State. III. Annual Water Level Fluctuations in Haryana State. IV. Water Level Fluctuations from the Decadal Mean in Haryana State. V. Results of Chemical Analysis of Ground Water Samples (May 2018). PLATES 1. Locations of National Hydrograph Observation Stations 2. Density of ground water observation wells in Haryana State 3. Distribution of E.C in Shallow Ground Water in Haryana State 6 GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK HARYANA STATE 2018 – 2019 1 INTRODUCTION The State of Haryana is in North India with its capital at Chandigarh and is a landlocked state in northern India. The Haryana State is located between between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude covering an area of 44,212 sq. km. The state is sub-divided into nine physiographic units and is drained by two major rivers Ghaggar and Yamuna. It was carved out of the former state of Punjab on 1st November 1966 on the basis of language distribution. The name Haryana is found in the works of the 12th century AD Apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189–1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himacal Pradesh to the north and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh. Haryana surrounds the country's capital Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of south Haryana is included in the National Capital Region for purposes of planning for development. The state was home to prominent sites of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were also fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Lord Krishna), Banganga or the Bhishma Kund, a legend attached to this water tank says that, when Bhishma lay on his bed of arrows, he felt thirsty and asked for water. To fulfill his desire, Arjuna immediately shot an arrow into the ground and let loose a stream of gushing water. This is how the BhishmaKund is believed to come into existence. Three devesive battles were fought at Panipat which impacted and changed the history of India. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of food grains and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for residents of the state with the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. There are four irrigation systems in the state namely 1. Western Yamuna canal, 3. Agra canal and 2. Bhakra canal, 4. Ghaggar canal 7 Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s. 1.1 Physiography The altitude of Haryana varies between 200 meters to 1200 meters above mean sea level. An area of 1,553 km2 is covered by forest. Haryana has four main geographical features. The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state The Shivalik Hills to the northeast Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest The Aravalli Range in the south 1.2 Geohydrological Conditions On the basis of Geohydrological conditions as well as groundwater movement and surface drainage pattern, the entire state is divided into the following basins:- 1. Yamuna basin; (a) Upper, (b) Lower 2. Ghaggar Basin; (a) Upper, (b) Lower 3. Inland Alluvial Basin (Chautang and others) 4. Krishnawati Basin 5. Sahibi Basin 6. Landoha Nala Basin 7. Kanti Sub Basin (Loharu Satnali area) Ground water occurs both under confined and unconfined conditions in the alluvial formation whereas it is mostly under un-confined conditions in Siwaliks and piedmont deposits and semi-confined conditions in hard rocks. 1.3 Rivers of Haryana The Yamuna flows along the state's eastern boundary while the ancient Sarasvati River is said to have flowed from Yamuna Nagar, but has now disappeared.