THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF DISEASE THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF DISEASE Edited by KENNETHKENNETHF.KIPLE F. KIPLE Bowling Green State University Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521808347 © Cambridge University Press 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2003 - ---- eBook (Gale) - --- eBook (Gale) - ---- hardback - --- hardback - ---- paperback - --- paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. In memory of K. David Patterson Contents Preface I xiii 15 Beriberi I 44 Melinda S. Meade 1 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) I 1 16 Black Death I 49 Allan M. Brandt Katharine Park 2 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping 17 Black and Brown Lung Disease I 52 Sickness) I 7 Daniel M. Fox Maryinez Lyons 18 Bleeding Disorders I 54 3 Ainhum I 14 Oscar D. Ratnoff Donald B. Cooper 19 Botulism I 57 4 Alzheimer’s Disease I 14 WilliamH. Barker Joseph A. Kwentus 20 Brucellosis (Malta Fever, Undulant Fever) 5 Amebic Dysentery I 19 I 58 K. David Patterson Lise Wilkinson 6 Anemia I 21 21 Bubonic Plague I 60 Alfred Jay Bollet and Audrey K. Brown Ann G. Carmichael 7 Anorexia Nervosa I 26 22 Cancer I 63 Heather Munro Prescott Thomas G. Benedek and Kenneth F. Kiple 8 Anthrax I 29 23 Carrion’s Disease (Oroya Fever) I 67 Lise Wilkinson Oscar Urteaga-Ballon 9 Apoplexy and Stroke I 31 24 Catarrh I 69 Jacques Poirier and Christian Derouesne Roger K. French 10 Arboviruses I 34 25 Cestode Infection I 70 Wilbur G. Downs K. David Patterson 11 Arenaviruses I 38 26 Chagas’Disease I 70 Wilbur G. Downs Marvin J. Allison 12 Arthritis (Rheumatoid) I 39 27 Chlorosis I 71 Howard Duncan and James C. C. Leisen Robert P. Hudson 13 Ascariasis I 42 28 Cholera I 74 K. David Patterson Reinhard S. Speck 14 Bacillary Dysentery I 43 29 Cirrhosis I 79 K. David Patterson Thomas S. N. Chen and Peter S. Y. Chen vii Contents 30 Clonorchiasis I 81 48 Enterobiasis I 116 K. David Patterson K. David Patterson 31 Croup I 81 49 Epilepsy I 116 James D. Cherry Jerrold E. Levy 32 Cystic Fibrosis I 83 50 Ergotism I 120 Thomas G. Benedek John S. Haller, Jr. 33 Cytomegalovirus Infection I 84 51 Erysipelas I 121 R. H. Kampmeier Ann G. Carmichael 34 Dengue I 85 52 Fascioliasis I 123 James McSherry K. David Patterson I 35 Diabetes I 88 53 Fasciolopsiasis 123 Leslie Sue Lieberman K. David Patterson I 36 Diarrheal Diseases (Acute) I 92 54 Favism 123 Herbert L. DuPont Peter J. Brown 55 Filariasis I 125 37 Diphtheria I 94 Todd L. Savitt Ann G. Carmichael 56 Fungus Infections (Mycoses) I 128 38 Down Syndrome I 96 Geoffrey C. Ainsworth Christine E. Cronk 57 Fungus Poisoning I 132 39 Dracunculiasis I 98 Geoffrey C. Ainsworth Donald R. Hopkins 58 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) I 134 40 Dropsy I 100 R. Ted Steinbock J. Worth Estes 59 Gangrene I 136 I 41 Dysentery 105 Diane Quintal and Robert Jackson K. David Patterson 60 Genetic Disease I 138 I 42 Dyspepsia 105 Eric J. Devor James Whorton 61 Giardiasis I 144 I 43 Ebola Virus Disease 107 K. David Patterson Wilbur G. Downs 62 Glomerulonephritis (Bright’s Disease) I 44 Echinococcosis (Hydatidosis) I 110 144 K. David Patterson Donald M. Larson 45 Eclampsia I 110 63 Goiter I 146 Sally McMillen Clark T. Sawin 46 Emphysema I 112 64 Gonorrhea I 150 Ronald J. Knudson Richard B. Rothenberg 47 Encephalitis Lethargica I 114 65 Gout I 153 R. T. Ravenholt Thomas G. Benedek viii Contents 66 Heart-Related Diseases I 156 83 Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease) I 192 Joel D. Howell Ann G. Carmichael 67 Herpes Simplex I 161 84 Leptospirosis I 195 R. H. Kampmeier Otto R. Gsell 68 Herpesviruses I 162 85 Leukemia I 196 R. H. Kampmeier Gordon J. Piller I 69 Histoplasmosis I 163 86 Lupus Erythematosus 199 Scott F. Davies Thomas G. Benedek 87 Lyme Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) I 201 70 Hookworm Infection I 165 Robert D. Leff John Ettling 88 Malaria I 203 71 Huntington’s Disease (Chorea) I 168 Frederick L. Dunn Eric J. Devor 89 Marburg Virus Disease I 207 I 72 Hypertension 169 Wilbur G. Downs Thomas W. Wilson and Clarence E. Grim 90 Mastoiditis I 208 I 73 Infectious Hepatitis 171 John L. Kemink, John K. Niparko, and Steven A. Francis L. Black Telian 74 Infectious Mononucleosis I 174 91 Measles I 211 R. H. Kampmeier Robert J. Kim-Farley 75 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s 92 Meningitis I 214 Disease, Ulcerative Colitis) I 175 K. David Patterson Joseph B. Kirsner 93 Milk Sickness (Tremetol Poisoning) I 218 76 Influenza I 178 Thomas E. Cone, Jr. Alfred W. Crosby 94 Multiple Sclerosis I 220 77 Japanese B Encephalitis I 181 W. I. McDonald Edward H. Kass 95 Mumps I 222 78 Lactose Intolerance and Malabsorption I Robert J. Kim-Farley 182 96 Muscular Dystrophy I 224 Norman Kretchmer Thomas G. Benedek I 79 Lassa Fever 184 97 Myasthenia Gravis I 225 Wilbur G. Downs Bernard M. Patten 80 Lead Poisoning I 185 98 Nematode Infection I 227 Arthur C. Aufderheide K. David Patterson 81 Legionnaires’Disease (Legionellosis, 99 Onchocerciasis I 228 Pontiac Fever, Legionella Pneumonia) I 189 K. David Patterson David W. Fraser 100 Ophthalmia (Trachoma, Conjunctivitis) 82 Leishmaniasis I 191 I 230 Marvin J. Allison Mary C. Karasch ix Contents 101 Osteoarthritis I 234 118 Rabies I 270 Charles W. Denko K. David Patterson 102 Osteoporosis I 236 119 Relapsing Fever I 275 R. Ted Steinbock Anne Hardy 103 Paget’s Disease of Bone I 238 120 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Roy D. Altman Disease I 277 Thomas G. Benedek 104 Paragonimiasis I 240 K. David Patterson 121 Rickets and Osteomalacia I 280 R. Ted Steinbock 105 Parkinson’s Disease (Parkinsonism) I 240 122 Rickettsial Diseases I 282 Bernard M. Patten Victoria A. Harden 106 Pellagra I 242 123 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Elizabeth W. Etheridge Related Diseases I 283 Victoria A. Harden 107 Periodontal Disease (Pyorrhea) I 244 Jeffrey Levin 124 Rubella I 285 Robert J. Kim-Farley 108 Pica I 247 Brian T. Higgins 125 Saint Anthony’s Fire I 287 Ann G. Carmichael 109 Pinta I 250 Don R. Brothwell 126 Scarlet Fever I 288 Anne Hardy 110 Plague of Athens I 251 Ann G. Carmichael 127 Schistosomiasis I 290 John Farley 111 Pneumocystis Pneumonia (Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumonia, Pneumocystosis) I 128 Scrofula I 292 254 Roger K. French K. David Patterson 129 Scurvy I 295 112 Pneumonia I 255 Roger K. French Jacalyn Duffin 130 Sickle-Cell Anemia I 298 113 Poliomyelitis I 258 Georges C. Benjamin H. V. Wyatt 131 Smallpox I 300 114 Protein-Energy Malnutrition I 261 Alfred W. Crosby James L. Newman 132 Streptococcal Diseases I 304 115 Protozoan Infection I 265 Peter C. English K. David Patterson 133 Strongyloidiasis I 306 116 Puerperal Fever I 265 K. David Patterson K. Codell Carter 134 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 117 Q Fever I 267 I 306 S. R. Palmer Todd L. Savitt x Contents 135 Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome 149 Trichuriasis I 336 (Asian SUDS) I 309 K. David Patterson Neal R. Holtan 150 Tuberculosis I 336 136 Sweating Sickness I 311 WilliamD. Johnston Ann G. Carmichael 151 Tularemia I 342 137 Syphilis I 312 Patrick D. Horne Jon Arrizabalaga 152 Typhoid Fever I 345 138 Syphilis, Nonvenereal I 317 Charles W. LeBaron and David N. Taylor Kenneth F. Kiple 153 Typhomalarial Fever I 349 I 139 Tapeworm Infection 319 Dale Smith K. David Patterson 154 Typhus, Epidemic I 352 I 140 Tay-Sachs Disease 320 Victoria A. Harden Bradford Towne 155 Typhus, Murine I 355 141 Tetanus I 323 Victoria A. Harden Robert J. T. Joy 156 Typhus, Scrub (Tsutsugamushi) I 355 142 Tetanus, Neonatal I 326 Victoria A. Harden Sally McMillen 157 Urolithiasis I 357 143 Tetany I 328 R. Ted Steinbock Kenneth F. Kiple 158 144 Toxoplasmosis I 330 Varicella-Zoster Virus Disease (Chickenpox) I 359 K. David Patterson R. H. Kampmeier 145 Trematode Infection I 331 I K. David Patterson 159 Whooping Cough 360 Anne Hardy 146 Trench Fever I 331 I Victoria A. Harden 160 Yaws 362 Don R. Brothwell 147 The Treponematoses I 331 Kenneth F. Kiple 161 Yellow Fever I 365 Donald B. Cooper and Kenneth F. Kiple 148 Trichinosis I 333 Donald E. Gilbertson Index I 371 xi Preface The Cambridge World History of Human Disease (CWHHD) was first pub- lished by Cambridge University Press in 1993 and reprinted in 2001. Part VIII, the last section of the work, comprises a history and description of the world’s major diseases of yesterday and today in chapters that are organized alphabetically from “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)” to “Yellow Fever.” The pages that follow in this Dictionary rep- resent an effort to make these essays, along with three chapters from other parts of the CWHHD on “Heart-Related Diseases,” “Cancer,” and “Genetic Disease,” available to a wider audience in paperback form.