VTT CREATES BUSINESS FROM TECHNOLOGY Technology and market foresight • Strategic research • Product and service development • IPR and licensing Dissertation VTT PUBLICATIONS 759 • Assessments, testing, inspection, certification • Technology and innovation management • Technology partnership • • • VTT PUBLICATIONS 759 TOWARDS AN APPLICATION LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AN APPLICATION 759 TOWARDS • VTT PUBLICATIONS VTT PUBLICATIONS 742 Elina Mattila. Design and evaluation of a mobile phone diary for personal health management. 2010. 83 p. + app. 48 p. 743 Jaakko Paasi & Pasi Valkokari (eds.). Elucidating the fuzzy front end – Experiences from the INNORISK project. 2010. 161 p. 744 Marja Vilkman. Structural investigations and processing of electronically and protonically conducting polymers. 2010. 62 p. + app. 27 p. 745 Juuso Olkkonen. Finite difference time domain studies on sub-wavelength aperture structures. 2010. 76 p. + app. 52 p. 746 Jarkko Kuusijärvi. Interactive visualization of quality Variability at run-time. 2010. 111 p. 747 Eija Rintala. Effects of oxygen provision on the physiology of baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2010. 82 p. + app. 93 p. 748 Virve Vidgren. Maltose and maltotriose transport into ale and lager brewer’s yeast strains. 2010. 93 p. + app. 65 p. 749 Toni Ahonen, Markku Reunanen & Ville Ojanen (eds.). Customer value driven service business development. Outcomes from the Fleet Asset Management Project. 2010. 43 p. + app. 92 p. 750 Tiina Apilo. A model for corporate renewal. Requirements for innovation management. 2010. 167 p. + app. 16 p. 751 Sakari Stenudd. Using machine learning in the adaptive control of a smart environment. 2010. 75 p. 752 Evanthia Monogioudi. Enzymatic Cross-linking of ββ-casein and its impact on digestibility and allergenicity. 2010. 85 p. + app. 66 p. 753 Jukka-Tapani Mäkinen. Concurrent engineering approach to plastic optics design. 2010. 99 p. + app. 98 p. Jukka Kääriäinen 754 Sanni Voutilainen. Fungal thermostable cellobiohydrolases. Characterization and protein engineering studies. 2010. 98 p. + app. 55 p. 756 Tuomas Pensala. Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices. Performance Optimization and Modeling. 2011. 97 p. + app. 73 p. Towards an Application Lifecycle 758 Tomi Haatainen. Stamp fabrication by step and stamp nanoimprinting. 2011. 70 p. + app. 59 p. Management Framework 759 Jukka Kääriäinen. Towards an Application Lifecycle Management Framework. 2011. 103 p. + app. 81 p. ISBN 978-951-38-7728-6 (soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-7729-3 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) ISSN 1235-0621 (soft back ed.) ISSN 1455-0849 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) VTT PUBLICATIONS 759 Towards an Application Lifecycle Management Framework Academic Dissertation to be presented, with the assent of the Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, for the public discussion in the Auditorium L10, Linnanmaa, on April 1st, 2011, at 12 o’clock noon. ISBN 978-951-38-7728-6 (soft back ed.) ISSN 1235-0621 (soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-7729-3 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) ISSN 1455-0849 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) Copyright © VTT 2011 JULKAISIJA – UTGIVARE – PUBLISHER VTT, Vuorimiehentie 3, PL 1000, 02044 VTT puh. vaihde 020 722 111, faksi 020 722 4374 VTT, Bergsmansvägen 3, PB 1000, 02044 VTT tel. växel 020 722 111, fax 020 722 4374 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 3, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland phone internat. +358 20 722 111, fax + 358 20 722 4374 Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki 2011 Jukka Kääriäinen. Towards an Application Lifecycle Management Framework. Espoo 2011. VTT Publications 759. 103 p. + app. 81 p. Keywords application lifecycle management, global software development, software configu- ration management Abstract One recent effort to support the development and management of products is the concept of Lifecycle Management. Lifecycle Management approaches promise more systematic and efficient ways to support the development and management of complex products. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) means the activity of managing a company’s products across their lifecycles in the most effective way. The concept of Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), on the other hand, indicates the coordination of activities and the management of artefacts (e.g., requirements, source code, test cases) during the software (SW) product’s lifecycle. The definition and understanding of both these concepts have been driven by tool vendors. This thesis focuses on ALM and, especially, the devel- opment phase of the SW lifecycle. There are surprisingly few scientific efforts to define what ALM constitutes and scientifically reported experiences of the practical development and de- ployment of ALM solutions in an industrial context. ALM solutions tend to be complex, integrating different tools and practices that are used to produce and manage artefacts during the SW development lifecycle, and there is therefore an apparent need to support the development of such complex solutions for indus- trial contexts. This thesis presents an effort towards an ALM framework that can be used to document and analyse an organisation’s ALM solution and find improvement ideas for it. This effort began in 2006 and iteratively constructed and demon- strated a proposal for an ALM framework during a series of case studies. The current version of the ALM framework contains six principal elements of ALM, a description of the relations between the elements and an ALM element map- ping to the Global Software Development (GSD) patterns in order to reveal how ALM may support GSD. The evolving framework has been demonstrated in four industrial case studies and gradually refined based on the experiences gained from the studies. First, 3 three case studies were carried out in the automation industry and a fourth case study in the telecommunications industry. This thesis presents the four case stud- ies to the reader and explains the whole research process from the initial litera- ture study, via four phases of constructing and demonstrating the evolving ALM framework, to a proposal for an ALM framework. Furthermore, the series of case studies revealed several experiences related to the application and im- provement of an ALM solution in an industrial context. These experiences are also presented and discussed in this thesis. 4 Preface This research was carried out at VTT as part of the European research projects called TWINS (Optimizing HW-SW Co-Design Flow for Software Intensive System Development), EVOLVE (Evolutionary Validation and Verification) and MERLIN (Embedded Systems Engineering in Collaboration) during 2006– 2011. I wish to thank my supervisors, Professor Samuli Saukkonen and Doctor Minna Pikkarainen, as well as the reviewers of the thesis, Professor Filippo Lanubile and Professor Juan Garbajosa. I would also like thank Mr. Antti Välimäki who provided valuable support and cooperation during the research work. Furthermore, I would like to thank the people in VTT and case companies who made this work possible. I would like to give my gratitude to my family for all their support and under- standing during my research. Oulu, March 2011 Jukka Kääriäinen 5 List of original publications Paper I Kääriäinen, J. and Välimäki, A. Impact of Application Lifecycle Management – a Case Study, International Conference on Interop- erability of Enterprise, Software and Applications (I-ESA). Berlin, German. March 25th–28th 2008. Mertins, K. et al. (Eds.): Enterprise Interoperability III – New Challenges and Industrial Approaches. Springer (2008), pp. 55–67. Paper II Kääriäinen, J. and Välimäki, A. Get a Grip on your Distributed Soft- ware Development with Application Lifecycle Management, Interna- tional Journal of Computer Applications in Technology (IJCAT), InderScience Publishers, Vol. 40, No. 3 (2011), pp. 181–190. Paper III Kääriäinen, J. and Välimäki, A. Applying Application Lifecycle Management for the Development of Complex Systems: Experiences from Automation Industry, 16th European Conference, EuroSPI 2009, Alcala (Madrid), Spain, 2–4 Sept. 2009, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Volume 42. R.V. O’Connor et al. (Eds.): EuroSPI 2009, Springer, Berlin–Heidelberg (2009), pp. 149–160. Paper IV Välimäki, A., Kääriäinen, J. and Koskimies, K. Global Software Development Patterns for Project Management. 16th European Conference, EuroSPI 2009, Alcala (Madrid), Spain, 2–4 Sept. 2009, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Volume 42. R.V. O’Connor et al. (Eds.): EuroSPI 2009, Springer, Berlin– Heidelberg (2009), pp. 137–148. Paper V Heinonen, S., Kääriäinen, J. and Takalo, J. Challenges in Collabora- tion: Tool Chain Enables Transparency Beyond Partner Borders. 6 International Conference on Interoperability of Enterprise, Software and Applications (I-ESA), Madeira, Concalves R. et al. (Eds.): En- terprise Interoperability II, New Challenges and Approaches. Springer Science+Business Media (2007), pp. 529–540. Paper VI Kääriäinen, J., Eskeli, J., Teppola, S., Välimäki, A., Tuuttila, P. and Piippola, M. Extending Global Tool Integration Environment To- wards Lifecycle Management, International Workshop on Informa- tion System in Distributed Environment (ISDE 2009), Vilamoura, Algarve-Portugal, November 2009, Lecture Notes in Computer Sci- ence (LNCS): 5872, Meersman, R. et al. (Eds.) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2009 Workshops, Springer (2009), pp. 238–247. 7 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................