MULTIMEDIA SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT MULTIMEDIA SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT Edited by Wenjun Zeng University of Missouri - Columbia Heather Yu Panasonic Princeton Laboratory Ching-Yung Lin IBM Research, Qibin Sun Institute for Infocomm Research AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Multimedia security technologies for digital rights management/edited by Wenjun Zeng, Heather Yu, and Ching-Yung Lin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-12-369476-8 (casebound : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-12-369476-0 (casebound : alk. paper) 1. Computer security. 2. Multimedia systems–Security measures. 3. Intellectual property. I. Zeng, Wenjun, 1967- II. Yu, Hong Heather, 1967- III. Lin, Ching-Yung. QA76.9.A25M875 2006 005.8–dc22 2006003179 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 13: 978-0-12-369476-8 ISBN 10: 0-12-369476-0 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com Printed in the United States of America 0607080910987654321 Table of Contents Preface xix Part A Overview 1 Chapter 1 Introduction—Digital Rights Management 3 Scott Moskowitz Chapter 2 Digital Rights Management Systems 23 Marina Bosi Chapter 3 Putting Digital Rights Management in Context 51 Leonardo Chiariglione Part B Fundamentals of Multimedia Security 73 Chapter 4 Multimedia Encryption 75 Bin B. Zhu Chapter 5 Multimedia Authentication 111 Dajun He and Qibin Sun Chapter 6 Key Management for Multimedia Access and Distribution 139 Amhet M. Eskicioglu Chapter 7 An Overview of Digital Watermarking 167 N. Liu, P. Amin, A. Ambalavanan and K.P. Subbalakshmi Chapter 8 Biometrics in Digital Rights Management 197 Anil Jain and Umut Uludag Part C Advanced Topics 219 Chapter 9 Format-Compliant Content Protection 221 Wenjun Zeng v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 10 Secure Media Streaming and Secure 241 Transcoding John G. Apostolopoulos and Susie Wee Chapter 11 Scalable Encryption and Multi-Access 275 Control for Multimedia Bin B. Zhu Chapter 12 Broadcast Encryption 303 Jeffrey Lotspiech Chapter 13 Practical “Traitor Tracing” 323 Hongxia Jin and Jeffrey Lotspiech Chapter 14 Steganalysis 349 Jessica Fridrich Chapter 15 Passive-blind Image Forensics 383 Tian-Tsong Ng, Shih-Fu Chang, Ching-Yung Lin, and Qibin Sun Chapter 16 Security in Digital Cinema 413 Jeffrey A. Bloom Part D Standards and Legal Issues 433 Chapter 17 DRM Standard Activities 435 Xin Wang, Zhongyang Huang and Shengmei Shen Chapter 18 The Digital Millennium Copyright Act 457 Gregory Stobbs, Harness, Dickey and Pierce Index 483 ABOUT THE EDITORS Wenjun Zeng is an Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department of University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. He received his B.E., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Tsinghua University, China, the University of Notre Dame, and Princeton University, respectively. His current research interests include content and network security, and multimedia communications and networking. Prior to joining Univ. of Missouri-Columbia in 2003, he had worked for PacketVideo Corporation, San Diego, CA, Sharp Labs of America, Camas, WA, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, and Matsushita Information Technology Lab, Panasonic Technologies Inc., Princeton, NJ. From 1998 to 2002, He was an active contributor to the MPEG4 Intellectual Property Management & Protection (IPMP) standard and the JPEG 2000 image coding standard, where four of his proposals were adopted. He has been awarded 11 patents. Dr. Zeng has served as an Organizing Committee Member and Technical Program Committee Chair for a number of IEEE international conferences. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, and is on the Editorial Board of IEEE Multimedia Magazine. He was the Lead Guest Editor of IEEE Transactions on Multimedia’s Special Issue on Streaming Media published in April 2004. Heather Yu is a Senior Scientist at Panasonic Princeton Laboratory. She received her B.S. degree from Peking University, her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University all in Electrical Engineering. In 1998, she joined Pana- sonic where her major focus is multimedia communications and multimedia information access R&D. Her current research interests include digital rights management and multimedia content access and distribution in consumer net- works. In the multimedia security area, she holds two US patents, has many patents pending, published a variety of technical papers in prestigious conferences and journals, and has given three tutorials at IEEE multimedia, communications, and consumer electronics conferences. vii viii ABOUT THE EDITORS Currently, Dr. Yu serves as Chair of IEEE Communications Society Multimedia Communications Technical Committee, Editor for ACM Computers in Entertain- ment, IEEE Multimedia Magazine, and Informing Science Journal, Conference Steering Committee Member of IEEE ICME (IEEE International Conferences on Multimedia and Expo) and IEEE CCNC (IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference), and Technical Program Co-chair of IEEE ICC2007 Multimedia Symposium. From 1998-2002, she served as Associate Editor for IEEE Trans. on Multimedia and conference technical program chair, associate chair, session chair, technical committee member, best paper award committee member, keynote speaker, panelist, panel chair, and steering committee member for many conferences. Ching-Yung Lin received his Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in Elec- trical Engineering. Since Oct 2000, he has been a Research Staff Member in IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, where he is currently leading projects on the IBM Large-Scale Video Semantic Filtering System. He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Washington and Columbia University. His research interest is mainly focused on multimodality signal understanding, social comput- ing, and multimedia security. Dr. Lin is the Editor of the Interactive Magazines (EIM) of the IEEE Communications Society, an Associate Editor of the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia and the Journal of Visual Communication and Image Repre- sentation. He served as a Guest Editor of the Proceedings of IEEE – Special Issue on Digital Rights Management, and EURASIP Journal on Applied Digital Signal Processing – Special Issue on Visual Sensor Network. Dr. Lin is a recipient of 2003 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Outstanding YoungAuthor Award. He is the (co-)author of more than 100 journal articles, conference papers, book, book chapters and public release software. Dr. Lin is a Senior Member of IEEE, and a member of ACM, INSNA and AAAS. ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS Scott Moskowitz. Founder of Blue Spike, Inc., rights management expert, inventor and technology architect, author of So this is Convergence?. In 1992, Mr. Moskowitz entered the entertainment industry doing agency work for a large U.S. wholesaler of music-related products increasing high gross margins while realizing whole revenues of $ 120 million. Mr. Moskowitz had previously founded a Tokyo-based trading company involved in the consulting, representation and export sales of American consumer products to Japan. He designed initial plans for the High Definition Television’s market entry in the U.S. and worked on other related strategy for Sony’s Monitor Group in Tokyo as Sony Japan’s first under- graduate intern. Mr. Moskowitz earned two cum laude degrees at The Wharton School and College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”), Association for Computing Machinery (“ACM”) and The International Society for Optical Engineering (“SPIE”) organizations. Mr. Moskowitz holds 15 U.S. Patents with dozens of pending patent applications. [email protected] Marina Bosi is Chief Technology Officer at MPEG LA, LLC – a firm special- izing in the licensing of multimedia technology. Prior to that, Dr. Bosi was VP-Technology, Standards and Strategies with Digital Theater Systems (DTS) and was at Dolby Laboratories where she worked on AC-2 and AC-3 technology and coordinated the MPEG-2 AAC development. Dr. Bosi has participated in numerous activities aimed at standardizing digital secure content coding, including the DVD Forum, the SDMI, and is currently involved in the ANSI/ISO MPEG, ATSC, DVB, and SMPTE standard setting pro- cess. Dr. Bosi is also a founding member and