ICC-01/04-02/06-2465-AnxD.1 31-01-2020 1/108 SL A Annex D.1 ICC-01/04-02/06-2465-AnxD.1 31-01-2020 2/108 SL A Ch.IV Individual Criminal Responsibility From: Treatise on International Criminal Law: Volume 1: Foundations and General Part Kai Ambos Content type: Book content Product: Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL] Published in print: 24 January 2013 ISBN: 9780199657926 Subject(s): Individual criminal responsibility — Actus reus — Mens rea — Attribution From: Oxford Public International Law (http://opil.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Subscriber: International Criminal Court (ICC); date: 10 January 2020 ICC-01/04-02/06-2465-AnxD.1 31-01-2020 3/108 SL A (p. 102) Chapter IV Individual Criminal Responsibility ‘Criminal Conspiracy’, HarvLR, 72 (1959), 920–1008; Agbor, A. A., ‘The Substantial Contribution Requirement: The Unfortunate Outcome of an Illogical Construction and Incorrect Understanding of Article 6(1) of the Statute of the ICTR’, ICLR, 12 (2012), 155–91; Amati, E. and Costi, M., ‘Autoria e forme di compartecipazione criminosa’ in Amati, Introduzione (2010), 110–71; Ambos, K., ‘De la estructura ‘juridical’ de la represión y de la superación del pasado en argentina por el derecho penal’, RCP, 3 (1997), 21–35; id, ‘Tatherrschaft durch Willensherrschaft kraft Organisatorischer Machtapparate— Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme und weiterführende Ansätze’, GA, 145 (1998), 226– 45; id, ‘Beihilfe durch Alltagshandlungen’, JA, 32 (2000), 721–5; id, ‘La complicidad a través de acciones cotidianas o externamente neutrales’, RDPC, 8 (2001), 195–206; id, ‘Immer mehr Fragen im internationalen Strafrecht’, NStZ, 21 (2001), 628–33; id, ‘Some Preliminary Reflections on the Mens Rea Requirements of the Crimes of the ICC-Statute and of the Elements of Crimes’ in Vohrah, L. C., et al., eds., Man’s Inhumanity to Man—Essays in Honour of Cassese (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2003), 11–41; id, ‘Zwischenbilanz im Milosevic-Verfahren’, JZ, 59 (2004), 965–7; id, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Responsibility’, JICJ, 5 (2007), 159–83; id, ‘Zur Rechtsgrundlage des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs—Eine Analyse des Rom-Statuts’, ZStW, 111 (1999), 175–211; id, ‘Amicus Curiae Brief in the Matter of the Co-Prosecutor’s Appeal of the Closing Order Against Kaing Guek Eav “Duch” Dated 8 August 2008’, CLF, 20 (2009), 353–88; id, ‘Critical Issues in the Bemba Confirmation Decision’, LJIL, 22 (2009), 715–26; id, ‘What does “Intent to Destroy” in Genocide Mean?’, IRRC, 91 (2009), 833–58; id, ‘Command responsibility and Organisationsherrschaft: Ways of Attributing International Crimes to the Most Responsible’ in Nollkaemper, A. and van der Wilt, H., eds., System Criminality in International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 127–57; id, ‘Commentary [on the Lubanga Confirmation Decision]’ in Klip, A. and Sluiter, G., eds., Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, xxiii: The International Criminal Court 2005–2007 (Antwerpen, et al.: Intersentia, 2010), 736– 48; id, ‘International Criminal Law at the Crossroads: From Ad Hoc Imposition to a Treaty Based Universal System’ in Stahn, C. and van den Herik, L., eds., Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser, 2010), 161–77; id, ‘The Crime of Aggression After Kampala’, GYIL, 53 (2010), 463–509; id, ‘Zur “Organisation” bei der “Organisationsherrschaft”’ in Heinrich, M., et al., eds., Festschrift für Claus Roxin zum 80. Geburtstag (Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 2011), 837–52 (Spanish version in InDret, 3/2011, July 2011, 25 pp., <www.indret.com>); id, ‘Judicial Creativity at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon: Is There a Crime of Terrorism Under International Law?’, LJIL, 24 (2011), 655–75; id, ‘The Fujimori Judgment—A President’s Responsibility for Crimes Against Humanity as Indirect Perpetrator by Virtue of an Organized Power Apparatus’, JICJ, 9 (2011), 137–58; From: Oxford Public International Law (http://opil.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Subscriber: International Criminal Court (ICC); date: 10 January 2020 ICC-01/04-02/06-2465-AnxD.1 31-01-2020 4/108 SL A id, ‘El juicio a Fujimori: Responsabilidad de un presidente por crimenes contra la humanidad como autor mediato en virtud de un aparato de poder organizado’, RDPC, 3 (2011), 229–72; id, ‘The First Judgment of the International Criminal Court (Prosecutor v. Lubanga): A Comprehensive Analysis of the Legal Issues’, ICLR, 12 (2012), 115–53; id, ‘Some Considerations on the Eichmann Case’ in Ambos, K., et al., eds., Eichmann in Jerusalem—50 Years After (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2012), 123–34; Ambos, K. and Grammer C., ‘Tatherrschaft qua Organisation—Die Verantwortlichkeit der argentinischen Militärführung für den Tod von Elisabeth Käsemann’, JJZG, 4 (2002/2003), 529–53; id, ‘Dominio del hecho por organización. La responsabildad de la conducción militar argentina por la muerte de Elisabeth Käsemann’, CDJP (Argentina), 16 (2003), 163–96 = RP (Spain), 12 (2003), 27–42; Ambos, K. and Othman, M., eds., New Approaches in International Criminal Justice: Kosovo, East Timor, Sierra Leone and Cambodia (Freiburg: Max-Planck-Institut für internationales und ausländisches Strafrecht, 2003); Ambos, K. and Pirmurat, S., ‘Das Todesurteil gegen Saddam Hussein’, JZ, 62 (2007), 822–8; Ambos, K. and Meini, I., La autoría mediata. El caso Fujimori (Lima: Ara, 2010); Aponte, A., ‘Colombia’ in Ambos, K., Malarino, E. and Elsner, G., eds., Jurisprudencia latinoamericana sobre derecho penal internacional (Montevideo: Fundación Konrad- Adenauer, 2008), 159–213; Aptel, C., ‘Some Innovations in the Statute of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon’, JICJ, 5 (2007), 1107–24; Aziz, J. M., Jarimat Al-Ibada Al-Jamaiya fi Iraq (‘The Crime of Genocide in Iraq, the Anfal campaign Against the Kurds’) (Berlin: Havibun-Verlag, 2002); Badar, M. E., ‘“Just Convict Everyone!”– Joint Perpetration: From Tadic to Stakic and Back Again’, ICLR, 6 (2006), 143–53; id, ‘Current Developments at the International Criminal Tribunals’, ICLR, 9 (2009), 227–51; id, ‘Participation in Crimes in the Jurisprudence of the ICTY and ICTR’ in Schabas, W. A. and Bernaz, N., eds., Routledge Handbook of International Criminal Law (London, New York: Routledge, 2011), 247–69; Badar, M. E. and Karsten, N., ‘Current Developments at the International Criminal Tribunals’, ICLR, 7 (2007), 163–86; Barthe, C., Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE)—Ein (originär) völkerstrafrechtliches Haftungsmodell mit Zukunft? (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2009); Bédarida, F., Touvier, Vichy et le crime contre l’humanité: le dossier de l’accusation (Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 1996); Berster, L. C., ‘ECCC (Pre-Trial Chamber), Beschl. v. 20.5.2010——002/19–09–2007- ECCC/OCIJ (PTC 38)—Entscheidungsanmerkung’, ZIS, 5 (2010), 538–46; Bianchi, M., ‘La “complicità” mediante condotte “quotidiane”’, L’Indice Penale, 12 (2009), 37–86; Boas, G., ‘The Difficulty with Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Criminal Law’ in Stahn, C. and van den Herik, L., eds., Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser, 2010), 501–19; Boas, G., Bischoff, J. L. and Reid, N.L., International Criminal Law Practitioner Library, i: Forms of Responsibility in International Criminal Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Boller, M., Die strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit von Verbänden nach dem VbVG (Wien: Manz, 2007); From: Oxford Public International Law (http://opil.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2015. All Rights Reserved. Subscriber: International Criminal Court (ICC); date: 10 January 2020 ICC-01/04-02/06-2465-AnxD.1 31-01-2020 5/108 SL A Bonafé, B. L., The Relationship Between State and Individual Responsibility for International Crimes (Leiden: Nijhoff, 2009); Brand, G., ‘The War Crimes and the Laws of War’, BYbIL, 26 (1949), 414–23; Caro, C., ‘Peru’ in Ambos, K., Malarino, E. and Elsner, G., eds., Jurisprudencia latinoamericana sobre derecho penal internacional (Montevideo: Fundación Konrad- Adenauer, 2008), 271–307; id, ‘Sobre la punición del ex presidente Alberto Fujimori como autor mediato de una organización criminal estatal’, ZIS, 4 (2009), 581–95; id, ‘Prosecuting International Crimes in Peru’, ICLR, 10 (2010) 583–600; Cassese, A., et al., ‘Amicus Curiae Brief of Professor Antonio Cassese and Members of the Journal of International Criminal Justice on Joint Criminal Enterprise Doctrine’, CLF, 20 (2009), 289–330; Černič, J. L., ‘Shaping the Spiderweb: Towards the Concept of Joint Commission Through Another Person Under the Rome Statute and Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court’, CLF, 22 (2011), 839–65; Chouliaras, A., ‘From “Conspiracy” to “Joint Criminal Enterprise”: In Search of the Organizational Parameter’ in Stahn, C. and van den Herik, L., eds., Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser, 2010), 545– 82; Clarke, R. C., ‘Return to Borkum Island: Extended Joint Criminal Enterprise Responsibility in the Wake of World War II’, JICJ, 9 (2011), 839–61; Clapham, A., ‘Extending International Criminal Law Beyond the Individual to Corporations and Armed Opposition Groups’, JICJ, 6 (2008), 899–926; Cryer, R., ‘General Principles of Liability’ in Cryer, et al., Introduction (2010), 361– 401; Cryer, R. and Boister, N., The Tokyo International Military Tribunal: A Reappraisal (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008); Czepluch, A. K., Täterschaft und Teilnahme im französichen Strafrecht—Eine rechtsvergleichende