MARK SPALDING, ROBERT D. BRUMBAUGH AND EMILY LANDIS Atlas of Ocean Wealth We are telling a story that is as old as the oceans themselves, but we are re-telling it from a new vantage point – Ocean Wealth Mission Published June 2016 The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to conserve the The Nature Conservancy lands and waters on which all life depends. 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22203-1606 Phone: 703-841-5300 Vision Website: www.nature.org The Nature Conservancy envisions a world where the diversity of life thrives, and people act to conserve nature for its own Suggested Citation sake and its ability to fulfill our needs and enrich our lives. Spalding, MD; Brumbaugh RD; and Landis, E (2016). Atlas of Ocean Wealth. Values The Nature Conservancy. Arlington, VA. Integrity beyond reproach Respect for people, communities and cultures that is as old as the oceans themselves, The designations employed and the presentation of material Commitment to diversity in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of The Nature Conservancy One Conservancy or the authors of this report concerning the legal status of Tangible, lasting results any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Ocean Wealth The global administrative boundaries used in the atlas maps are from the GADM database of administrative areas, available here: http://gadm.org/about Informed by science, communications and policy work, Mapping Ocean Wealth illustrates all that the ocean does for us today, so that we make smarter decisions for the ocean of tomorrow. The Nature Conservancy would like to recognize the contribution of the following organizations. The Mapping Ocean Wealth initiative along with the Atlas of Ocean Wealth was made possible by the generosity of the following institutions and individuals. We would particularly like to thank The World Bank Group and Lyda Hill Foundation for early support to conceptualize and launch the Mapping Ocean Wealth Initiative, as well as Diane Van Wyck, Carnival Foundation and Microsoft for ongoing support. Table of Contents Contributing Authors ...................................................................................................................................................................iii Part 1: A Host of Services ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................................................................iv Making Fish ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................vii Breaking Waves ...................................................................................................................................................................................24 Lyda Hill and Maria Damanaki Cleaning Up ...............................................................................................................................................................................................36 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ix Storing Carbon .....................................................................................................................................................................................40 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................ xiv The Value of Visitors .................................................................................................................................................................... 46 The Value of Just Being There .........................................................................................................................................56 Part 2: Changing the Way We See Nature ................................................................................................63 Bringing Natural Values to Bear .................................................................................................................................. 64 Adding Up the Benefits .............................................................................................................................................................66 Managing and Protecting Services ..........................................................................................................................70 Paying What is Owed ................................................................................................................................................................ 84 A Future Vision .................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 Sources and Technical Notes .........................................................................................................................................92 Table of Contents i Contributing Authors Foreword The Value of Visitors Lyda Hill (Lyda Hill Foundation) Lauretta Burke (World Resources Institute), Cara Daneel (University of Maria Damanaki (The Nature Conservancy) Cambridge), Mariana Walther Mendoza (The Nature Conservancy), Glaudy Perdanahardja (The Nature Conservancy) Making Fish Bringing Natural Values to Bear Philine zu Ermgassen (University of Cambridge), Jonathan Grabowski (Northeastern University), Alistair Harborne (University of Queensland), Pawan Patil (World Bank Group) Alison Green (The Nature Conservancy), Andrew F. Johnson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Marcia Moreno-Báez (Centro de Adding Up the Benefits Biodiversidad Marina y Conservación), Andrés Cisneros Montemayor Linwood Pendleton (Duke University), Evangalia Drakou (The University of British Columbia), Alvin Suárez (Scripps Institution (University of West Brittany) of Oceanography), Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) Managing and Protecting Services Breaking Waves Joanna Smith (TNC Canada) Michael W. Beck (The Nature Conservancy), Iñigo Losada (IH Cantabria), Borja Reguero (The Nature Conservancy), Pelayo Menendez (IH Cantabria), Enhancing Services Lauretta Burke (World Resources Institute) Boze Hancock (The Nature Conservancy) Cleaning Up Paying What is Owed Boze Hancock (The Nature Conservancy) and Philine zu Ermgassen Peter Wheeler (The Nature Conservancy) (University of Cambridge) Storing Carbon Leah Glass (Blue Ventures) Contributing Authors iii Acknowledgments The Mapping Ocean Wealth team is a global partnership of ecosystem services specialists composed of many organizations and individuals that provided advice, support and contributions to this Atlas of Ocean Wealth. Atlas Production Map preparation: Rick Tingey (Spatial Support Systems, LLC), Zach Ferdaña (The Nature Conservancy), Laura Flessner (The Nature Conservancy), Book design: Paul Gormont (Apertures Inc.) Copy-editor: Andrew Myers Coordination, planning, design: Caroline Spruill (The Nature Conservancy) Mapping Ocean Wealth’s Advisory Team: Lauretta Burke (WRI), Marea Hatziolos, Elaine Heldewier (Carnival Corporations & plc), Carter Ingram (EY), Les Kaufmann (Boston University), Steven Lutz (GRID-Arendal), Christian Neumann (GRID-Arendal), Pawan G Patil (World Bank Group), Linwood Pendleton (Duke University), Tracy Rouleau (NOAA), Rashid Sumaila (University of British Columbia). The Nature Conservancy’s Ocean Wealth Steering Committee: Charles Bedford, Shannon Crownover, Dietmar Grimm, Lynne Hale, Julia Kashkashian, Marianne Kleiberg, Skyli McAfee, Jen Molnar, Aurelio Ramos, Lynn Scarlett, Chrissy Schwinn, Peter Wheeler The Mapping Ocean Wealth Central Team Amanda Wrona- Meadows (The Nature Conservancy. Communications), Imen Meliane (Policy), Johanna Polsenberg (CI. Ocean Health Index), Rob Brumbaugh (The Nature Conservancy. Project Director), Elizabeth Schuster (The Nature Conservancy. Shellfish), Fernando Secaira Mark Spalding (The Nature Conservancy. Senior Scientist), Emily Landis (The Nature Conservancy. Coastal Protection), Caroline Spruill (The Nature (The Nature Conservancy. Project Manager), Vera Agostini (The Nature Conservancy. Communications), Spencer Wood (Natural Capital Project. Conservancy. Pelagic), Mike Beck (The Nature Conservancy. Coastal Tourism), J.E.N. Veron (Coral Reef Research, Intrinsic Value, Coral Protection), Boze Hancock (The Nature Conservancy. Shellfish), Philine zu Diversity Map) Ermgassen (University of Cambridge. Fisheries), James Byrne (The Nature Conservancy. Caribbean), Chris Gillies (The Nature Conservancy. Australia), Jennifer Greene (The Nature Conservancy. U.S. Atlantic Coast), Expert Contributions on Regional Ecosystem Services Glaudy Perdanahardja (The Nature Conservancy. Indonesia), The following individuals