8.0 Giant Garter Snake 8.1 Status of the Species ................................................................................272 8.2 Environmental Baseline ...........................................................................274 8.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ................................................................277 8.4 Effects to Recovery ..................................................................................280 8.5 Cumulative Effects...................................................................................280 8.6 Summary of the Effects from the Action .................................................280 8.7 Conclusion ...............................................................................................281 8.8 Giant Garter Snake Literature Cited ........................................................282 9.0 Least Bell’s Vireo 9.1 Status of the Species ................................................................................287 9.2 Environmental Baseline ...........................................................................291 9.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ................................................................296 9.4 Effects to Recovery ..................................................................................301 9.5 Cumulative Effects...................................................................................301 9.6 Summary of the Effects of the Action .....................................................302 9.7 Conclusion ...............................................................................................303 9.8 Least Bell’s Vireo Literature Cited ..........................................................304 10.0 Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse 10.1 Status of the Species ..............................................................................307 10.2 Environmental Baseline .........................................................................308 10.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ..............................................................309 10.4 Effects to Recovery ................................................................................311 10.5 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................311 10.6 Summary of the Effects from the Action ...............................................311 10.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................312 10.6 Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Literature Cited ..........................................313 11.0 Soft Bird’s Beak and Suisun Thistle 11.1 Status of the Species’ .............................................................................314 11.2 Environmental Baseline .........................................................................316 11.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ..............................................................317 11.4 Effects to Recovery ................................................................................318 11.5 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................318 11.6 Summary of the Effects from the Action ...............................................318 11.7 Critical Habitat .......................................................................................320 11.8 Conclusion .............................................................................................323 11.9 Soft Bird’s Beak and Suisun Thistle Literature Cited ...........................324 12.0 Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle 12.1 Status of the Species ..............................................................................326 12.2 Environmental Baseline .........................................................................330 12.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ..............................................................331 12.4 Effects to Recovery ................................................................................339 12.5 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................340 12.6 Summary of the Effects from the Action ...............................................340 12.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................341 12.8 Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Literature Cited ............................342 3 13.0 Riparian Brush Rabbit 13.1 Status of the Species ..............................................................................344 13.2 Environmental Baseline .........................................................................347 13.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ..............................................................348 13.4 Effects to Recovery ................................................................................351 13.5 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................351 13.6 Summary of the Effects of the Proposed Action ...................................351 13.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................352 13.8 Riparian Brush Rabbit Literature Cited .................................................353 14.0 Riparian Woodrat 14.1 Status of the Species ..............................................................................354 14.2 Environmental Baseline .........................................................................356 14.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ..............................................................357 14.4 Effects to Recovery ................................................................................359 14.5 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................360 14.6 Summary of the Effects of the Proposed Action ...................................360 14.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................361 14.8 Riparian Woodrat Literature Cited ........................................................361 15.0 Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo 15.1 Status of the Species ..............................................................................363 15.2 Environmental Baseline .........................................................................371 15.3 Effects of the Proposed Action ..............................................................377 15.4 Effects to Recovery ................................................................................381 15.5 Cumulative Effects .................................................................................382 15.6 Summary of the Effects of the Proposed Action ...................................382 15.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................383 15.8 Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Literature Cited ..................................385 16.0 Incidental Take Statement..........................................................................................393 17.0 Conservation Recommendations ...............................................................................402 18.0 Reinitiation-Closing Statement ..................................................................................404 Appendix 1. DSM TN 40. Changes in delta smelt population parameters since the inception of the Formal Endangered Species Act Consultation on the Proposed Coordinated Operations of the Central Valley Project (CVP) and State Water Project (SWP). Version 6, September 24, 2019, Leo Polansky. Appendix 2. Exploration of the sensitivity of proportional entrainment calculations for larval- juvenile Delta Smelt and a simple method for effects comparisons in the Reinitiation of Consultation (ROC) for the Long-term Operations of the CVP and SWP. Matt Nobriga, June 2019. 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Consultation Approach for Programmatic Components of the Proposed Action Table 2-1 Components of the Proposed Action Table 5-1 Comparison of delta smelt primary constituent elements of critical habitat between the 1994 publication of the rule and the present. Table 5-2 Estimates of adult delta smelt population size during January-February of 2002 through 2019 with 95% confidence intervals. Table 5-3 Summary of habitat attribute conditions for delta smelt in six regions of the estuary that are permanently or seasonally occupied in most years. Table 5-4 Summary of select projects and consultations for the delta smelt that are part of the Environmental Baseline for this consultation. Table 5-5 Factors affecting delta smelt entrainment and salvage. Table 5-6 Key differences between PA modeling assumptions and PA implementation language. Table 5-7 Proposed management actions for the Summer-Fall Habitat component by Water Year Type (WYT). Table 5-8 Summary of effects of the PA on critical habitat by life stage as compared to the COS. Table 5-9 Delta counties and California population, 2000–2050. Table 5-10 Delta communities population, 2000 and 2010. Table 7-1 California least terns observed at Montezuma Wetlands dredge disposal site. Table 9-1 Estimated number of territorial male least Bell’s Vireos based on survey data compiled by the Riparian Birds Working Group (Kus et al. 2017). Table 9-2 Summary of records of least Bell’s vireo in counties in or abutting the Action Area since 1985. Table 15-1 Estimated range-wide cuckoo territory numbers (Service 2013) Table 15-2 Watersheds