Technical Report: Clean Energy Capacity Needs: Botswana, Mauritius & Namibia Romance Sampa, Energy Advisor Submitted by: AECOM International Development Submitted to: USAID/Southern Africa September 2011 USAID Contract No. 674-C-00-10-00075-00 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. PO Box 602090 ● Plot 50668, Tholo Park, Fairgrounds ● Gaborone, Botswana ● Phone (267) 390 0884 ● Fax (267) 390 1027 ● [email protected] www.satradehub.org TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................ 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 6 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 9 Background ..................................................................................................................... 9 Objective ......................................................................................................................... 9 Scope of work ................................................................................................................. 9 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 10 2 ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW ................................................................................... 11 2.1 SADC context ......................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Botswana ................................................................................................................ 11 Table 1 Primary Energy Supply ........................................................................................ 12 Table 2 Energy Consumption ........................................................................................... 12 2.3 Mauritius ................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Namibia ................................................................................................................... 13 Table 3 Energy Production ............................................................................................... 13 Table 4 Energy Consumption ........................................................................................... 14 3 RESOURCES, POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS ........................................................... 15 3.1 Clean energy resources .......................................................................................... 15 Solar Energy .............................................................................................................. 15 Biomass ..................................................................................................................... 15 Wind .......................................................................................................................... 15 Hydropower ............................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Policies and legal framework .................................................................................. 16 Botswana ................................................................................................................... 16 Mauritius .................................................................................................................... 16 Namibia ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Institutional frameworks .......................................................................................... 18 Botswana ................................................................................................................... 18 Mauritius .................................................................................................................... 18 Namibia ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Human Resources for Clean Energy Promotion ..................................................... 19 3.5 Other ....................................................................................................................... 19 2 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub 4. CONSOLIDATED CLEAN ENERGY CAPACITY ISSUES ........................................... 20 4.1 Overall assessment ................................................................................................ 20 4.2 Botswana ........................................................................................................... 20 Policy and Legal Framework ..................................................................................... 20 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 20 Human resources for clean energy promotion ........................................................... 21 Financial Resources for Clean energy promotion ...................................................... 21 4.3 Mauritius ............................................................................................................. 22 4.4 Namibia ................................................................................................................... 22 Policy Framework ...................................................................................................... 22 Legal Framework ....................................................................................................... 23 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 23 Human Resources ..................................................................................................... 23 Financial Resources for Clean Energy ...................................................................... 24 Clean Energy Information .......................................................................................... 24 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 25 5.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 25 5.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 25 Policy and Legal framework ...................................................................................... 25 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 25 Human Resource Development ................................................................................ 25 Financing clean energy development ........................................................................ 26 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 27 ANNEX 1: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED .................................................................... 28 ANNEX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE........................................................................................... 32 3 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub LIST OF ACRONYMS BOTEC Botswana Technology Centre BPC Botswana Power Corporation CDM Clean Development Mechanism CE Clean Energy CEB Central Electricity Board CET Clean Energy Technologies CTF Clean Technology Fund DEA Department of Energy Affairs DOE Department of Energy DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EAD Energy Affairs Division ECB Electricity Control Board FIT Feed-in Tariff GHG Greenhouse Gas Emissions Ktoe Kilo ton oil equivalent kV Kilovolt MCTC Ministry of Communications, Technology and Communications MESD Ministry of Education and Skills Development MET Ministry of Environment and Tourism MEWT Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism MLG Ministry of Local Government MME Ministry of Mines and Energy MMEWR Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources MPU Ministry of Public Utilities MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry MW Megawatt NAMREP Namibia Renewable Energy Programme NDP3 National Development Plan, Namibia NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPC National Planning Commission PUBCRET Public Committee on Renewable Energy Technologies PPI Power Producers RE Renewable Energy 4 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub REEEI Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Institute RED Regional Electricity Distributors RERA Regional Electricity Regulators Association RIIC Rural Industries Innovation Centre SADC Southern African Development Community SAPP Southern African Power Pool SATH Southern Africa Trade Hub SHS Solar Home Systems SME Small Medium Enterprise SRF Solar Revolving Fund SSDG Small Scale Distributed Generators TWh Terra Watt Hour UB University of Botswana USA United States of America USD United State Dollar 5 USAID Southern Africa Trade Hub EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The objective of this report on capacity needs in clean energy policy institutional framework and human resources in Botswana, Mauritius and Namibia is to inform and