epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page i Social Issues Gender Issues Primary Sources and Sexuality Collection Essential Primary Sources epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page iii Social Issues Gender Issues Primary Sources and Sexuality Collection Essential Primary Sources K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, Editors epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page iv Gender Issues and Sexuality: Essential Primary Sources K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, Editors Project Editors Imaging and Multimedia Composition and Electronic Capture Dwayne D. Hayes and John McCoy Dean Dauphinais, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Evi Seoud Lezlie Light, Michael Logusz, Dan Newell, Editorial Christine O’Bryan, Kelly A. Quin, Denay Wild- Manufacturing Luann Brennan, Grant Eldridge, Anne Marie ing, Robyn Young Rita Wimberley Hacht, Joshua Kondek, Andy Malonis, Mark Milne, Rebecca Parks, Mark Springer, Jennifer Product Design Product Manager Stock Pamela A. 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Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page v Table of Contents Advisors and Contributors ...............xiv Acknowledgements .................xv About the Set ...................xx Introduction ....................xxi About the Entry ..................xxiii Using Primary Sources ................xxix Chronology....................xxxi I1 BEYOND FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY: PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND SEXUALITY Introduction to Beyond Femininity and Masculinity: Perspectives on Gender and Sexuality .................3 Abigail Adams’ Letters to John Adams ............4 Abigail Adams, 1776 Small Feet of the Chinese Females .............6 Anonymous, 1835 A Letter About Old Maids ...............10 Betsey, 1840 Ain’t I a Woman? ..................12 Sojourner Truth, 1851 Breastfeeding Manual for Slaves .............14 James Hammond, 1857 A Lay Sermon by a Young Lady ..............17 Rachel “Ray” Frank, 1890 We Two Boys Together Clinging .............19 Walt Whitman, 1855 GENDER ISSUES AND SEXUALITY: ESSENTIAL PRIMARY SOURCES v epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page vi Legal Nudism ...................22 Anonymous, 1935 The Objects of Marriage ................26 Anonymous, 1937 Feminine Sports Reel .................29 Bobbie Rosenfeld, 1941 Cassandra ....................32 Florence Nightingale, 1852 A Left-Handed Commencement Address...........34 Ursula K. Le Guin, 1983 The Effect of an Early Association of Ideas on the Character ....37 Mary Wollstonecraft, 1792 Iron John: A Book About Men ..............41 Robert Bly, 1990 Sexual Politics ...................44 Kate Millet, 1969 Child Marriage ...................47 Kate Brooks, 2001 After the Attacks: Finding Fault; Falwell’s Finger-Pointing Inappropriate, Bush Says ................49 Laurie Goodstein, 2001 Changing Faces...................51 Lisa Takeuchi Cullen, 2002 Brazilian Machismo Gives Way to Husband Beating .......54 Anonymous, 2003 Women in Aboriginal Societies ..............57 Taylor Medford, 2004 Matrubhoomi—A Nation Without Women ..........59 Adnan Abidi, 2005 Kilt-wearing Missouri High School Boy Wins Apology .......60 Anonymous, 2006 I2 WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT Introduction to Women’s Rights Movement ..........65 Letter to Elizabeth Cady Stanton on Her (Susan B. Anthony’s) Illegal Vote ....................66 Susan B. Anthony, 1872 Comstockery in America ................68 Margaret Sanger, 1915 Convention on the Nationality of Women (Inter-American) .....72 Governments of Twenty Pan American Nations, 1969 Redstockings Manifesto ................74 Redstockings, 1969 vi GENDER ISSUES AND SEXUALITY: ESSENTIAL PRIMARY SOURCES epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page vii Roxcy Bolton’s Campaign Against Men’s Grills .........76 Anonymous, 1969 Our Changing Sense of Self ...............78 Boston Women’s Health Book Collective, 1971 Roe v. Wade....................82 U.S. Supreme Court, 1973 I Am Woman ...................85 Helen Reddy and Ray Burton, 1972 People Hold Signs in Favor of the Equal Rights Amendment ....86 Peter Keegan, 1975 Fight on, Sisters ..................88 Carol Hanish, 1978 Since the French Revolution: The Job and the Vote .......89 Simone De Beauvoir, 1989 Women’s Rights Are Human Rights ............92 Hilary Rodham Clinton, 1995 The Feminine Mystique ................95 Betty Friedan, 1963 Feminism Meets Terrorism ...............97 Phyllis Schlafly, 2002 What Does Sex Discrimination Include?...........100 Jane Howard-Martin, 2002 Corsets and Restrictive Clothing .............102 Frank Franklin II, 2003 A Look through a Gender Lens .............104 United Nations, 2003 Chile: High Court Discriminates Against Lesbian Mother .....106 Human Rights Watch, 2004 I3 GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT Introduction to Gay Rights Movement ...........111 The Trials of Oscar Wilde ...............112 H. Montgomery Hyde, 1973 Bisexuality ....................115 Alfred C. Kinsey, 1948 Four Policemen Hurt in ‘Village’ Raid............118 Anonymous, 1969 Conviction of Gay News for Blasphemous Libel ........120 David Ashdown, 1977 Offences Against One’s Self: Paederasty ..........123 Jeremy Bentham, 1978 (originally appeared in 1785) NYC Moscone Milk Verdict Protest ............125 David Karp, 1979 GENDER ISSUES AND SEXUALITY: ESSENTIAL PRIMARY SOURCES vii epsgs_fm 8/2/06 3:53 PM Page viii Remembering Stonewall ...............127 National Public Radio, 1989 The Lesbian ...................129 Simone de Beauvoir, 1949 International Dyke March in Manhattan ...........132 Najlah Feanny-Hicks, 1994 1931 Vagrants, Gaming, and Other Offenses Act ........133 Queensland Parliamentary Council, 1931 Hate Groups and Religious Intolerance ...........135 Steve Liss, 1998 Left on a Fence ..................137 Anonymous, 1998 Gay Tinky Winky ..................140 Bob Esposito, 1999 The National Family Lesbian Study ............143 Nanette Gartrell, 2000 Boy Scouts of America v. Dale .............150 Supreme Court of the United States, 2000 H.B. 272: Ohio Defense of Marriage Act ..........154 Bill Seitz, 2001 Second-Class Survivors ................157 Andy Humm, November 2001 Lawrence et al. v. Texas................160 United States Supreme Court, 2003 Ads by the Nonprofit Group Parents and Friends of Ex-Gays and Gays . 164 Anonymous, 2003 President Calls for Constitutional Amendment Protecting Marriage . 166 George W. Bush, 2004 Lofton v. Secretary of the Florida Department of Children and Families . 169 Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, 2004 Burch v. Smarr ..................172 Judges of the Supreme