S. Hrg. 112–403 TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11 — 2011 HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION A REPORT FROM THE 9/11 COMMISSION CHAIRMEN—MARCH 30, 2011 IS INTELLIGENCE REFORM WORKING?—PART I—MAY 12, 2011 IS INTELLIGENCE REFORM WORKING?—PART II—MAY 19, 2011 NEXT STEPS FOR SECURING RAIL AND TRANSIT—JUNE 22, 2011 PREVENTING TERRORIST TRAVEL—JULY 13, 2011 IMPROVING EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS—JULY 27, 2011 SUCCESSFUL REFORMS AND CHALLENGES AHEAD AT THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY—SEPTEMBER 7, 2011 ARE WE SAFER?—SEPTEMBER 13, 2011 A STATUS REPORT ON INFORMATION SHARING—OCTOBER 12, 2011 PROTECTING AGAINST BIOLOGICAL THREATS—OCTOBER 18, 2011 THE NEXT WAVE IN AVIATION SECURITY—NOVEMBER 2, 2011 Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov/ Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 67–123 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:49 Sep 11, 2012 Jkt 067123 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\DOCS\67123.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11 — 2011 VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:49 Sep 11, 2012 Jkt 067123 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 P:\DOCS\67123.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT S. Hrg. 112–403 TEN YEARS AFTER 9/11 — 2011 HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION A REPORT FROM THE 9/11 COMMISSION CHAIRMEN—MARCH 30, 2011 IS INTELLIGENCE REFORM WORKING?—PART I—MAY 12, 2011 IS INTELLIGENCE REFORM WORKING?—PART II—MAY 19, 2011 NEXT STEPS FOR SECURING RAIL AND TRANSIT—JUNE 22, 2011 PREVENTING TERRORIST TRAVEL—JULY 13, 2011 IMPROVING EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS—JULY 27, 2011 SUCCESSFUL REFORMS AND CHALLENGES AHEAD AT THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY—SEPTEMBER 7, 2011 ARE WE SAFER?—SEPTEMBER 13, 2011 A STATUS REPORT ON INFORMATION SHARING—OCTOBER 12, 2011 PROTECTING AGAINST BIOLOGICAL THREATS—OCTOBER 18, 2011 THE NEXT WAVE IN AVIATION SECURITY—NOVEMBER 2, 2011 Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov/ Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs ( VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:49 Sep 11, 2012 Jkt 067123 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 6011 P:\DOCS\67123.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut, Chairman CARL LEVIN, Michigan SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii TOM COBURN, Oklahoma THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware SCOTT P. BROWN, Massachusetts MARK L. PRYOR, Arkansas JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada * JON TESTER, Montana ROB PORTMAN, Ohio MARK BEGICH, Alaska RAND PAUL, Kentucky JERRY MORAN, Kansas ** MICHAEL L. ALEXANDER, Staff Director BETH M. GROSSMAN, Deputy Staff Director and Chief Counsel MARY BETH SCHULTZ, Associate Staff Director and Chief Counsel for Homeland Security Preparedness and Response GORDON N. LEDERMAN, Associate Staff Director and Chief Counsel for National Security and Investigations CHRISTIAN J. BECKNER, Associate Staff Director for Homeland Security Prevention and Protection TROY H. CRIBB, Senior Counsel JEFFREY D. RATNER, Counsel JASON M. YANUSSI, Senior Professional Staff Member SEAMUS A. HUGHES, Professional Staff Member AARON M. FIROVED, Professional Staff Member ELYSE F. GREENWALD, Professional Staff Member ALFRED CUMMING, Senior Investigator ROBERT H. BRADLEY, Staff Assistant NICHOLAS A. ROSSI, Minority Staff Director MOLLY A. WILKINSON, Minority General Counsel BRENDAN P. SHIELDS, Minority Director of Homeland Security Policy LUKE P. BELLOCCHI, Minority Counsel ERIC B. HEIGHBERGER, Minority Professional Staff Member JARED F. GOLDEN, Minority Professional Staff Member HEATHER E. RAITI, Minority Professional Staff Member SCOTT K. LEMASTERS, Minority U.S. Coast Guard Detailee TRINA DRIESSNACK TYRER, Chief Clerk PATRICIA R. HOGAN, Publications Clerk LAURA W. KILBRIDE, Hearing Clerk * Senator Ensign resigned on May 3, 2011. ** Senator Moran joined the Committee on May 11, 2011. (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:49 Sep 11, 2012 Jkt 067123 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\DOCS\67123.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT C O N T E N T S Page WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 2011 Opening statements: Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 1 Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 4 Senator McCain ................................................................................................ 6 Senator Akaka .................................................................................................. 18 Senator Carper ................................................................................................. 20 Prepared statements: Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 359 Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 361 WITNESSES Hon. Thomas H. Kean, Former Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States ......................................................... 6 Hon. Lee H. Hamilton, Former Vice Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States .................................................... 9 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Kean, Hon. Thomas H.: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 364 Hamilton, Hon. Lee H.: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 9 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 364 APPENDIX Letter to the President of the United States, dated April 8, 2011, submitted for the Record by Senator Lieberman ................................................................ 387 Responses to post-hearing questions for the Record from: Mr. Kean and Mr. Hamilton ............................................................................ 389 THURSDAY, MAY 12, 2011 Opening statements: Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 31 Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 32 Prepared statements: Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 395 Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 398 WITNESSES Hon. Jane Harman, Former Representative from California and Chair of the Subcommittee on Intelligence, Information Sharing, and Terrorism Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................... 34 Hon. Michael V. Hayden, Former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Former Director of the National Security Agency ..................................... 37 John C. Gannon, Former Deputy Director for Intelligence at the Central Intelligence Agency .............................................................................................. 40 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:49 Sep 11, 2012 Jkt 067123 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\DOCS\67123.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT IV Page ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Gannon, John C.: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 40 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 406 Harman, Hon. Jane: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 34 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 400 Hayden, Hon. Michael V.: Testimony .......................................................................................................... 37 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 403 THURSDAY, MAY 19, 2011 Opening statements: Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 59 Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 60 Senator Brown .................................................................................................. 69 Senator Carper ................................................................................................. 71 Prepared statements: Senator Lieberman ........................................................................................... 412 Senator Collins ................................................................................................. 414 WITNESS Hon. Dennis C. Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence: Testimony .........................................................................................................