2018 Update City of Baltimore Disaster Preparedness and Planning Project (DP3) A combined all hazard mitigation and climate adaptation plan Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Project Overview .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3 Scope and Vision of the Plan ..................................................................................................... 3 Changes from 2013 DP3 ..................................................................................................................... 4 Connection to the Sustainability Plan ....................................................................................... 5 Connection to the Climate Action Plan ................................................................................... 6 Connection to the Baltimore Green Network Plan ................................................................ 6 Connection to TRANSFORM Baltimore ................................................................................ 6 Hazard Mitigation Planning and Emergency Operations Planning ..................................... 7 Connections with Surrounding Counties and Cities .............................................................. 7 Overview of Methodology .................................................................................................................. 8 Planning Process .......................................................................................................................... 8 2018 DP3 Process Documentation ........................................................................................... 8 Public Meetings and Community Outreach .......................................................................... 11 Community Engagement Methodology and Activities ........................................................ 14 Overview of the City of Baltimore .................................................................................................. 16 City Profile .................................................................................................................................. 16 Climate of Baltimore ................................................................................................................. 20 Existing Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation Efforts ............................................................ 21 Plan Content ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2: Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation ....................................................... 22 Chapter 3: Hazard Assessment ................................................................................................ 23 Chapter 4: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment ...................................................................... 23 Chapter 5: Strategies and Actions............................................................................................ 23 Chapter 6: Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................... 23 Chapter 7: Moving Forward ..................................................................................................... 23 Glossary ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2. Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation ........................................................ 25 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 27 Defining Key Concepts ..................................................................................................................... 27 What is Hazard Mitigation? ...................................................................................................... 27 What are Climate Change and Climate Adaptation? ............................................................ 27 How are Hazard Mitigation and Climate Adaptation Connected? ..................................... 28 What is a Risk Assessment? ..................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 3. Hazard Assessment .............................................................................................. 31 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Hazard Assessment ............................................................................................................................ 33 Hazard Identification ................................................................................................................ 33 Hazard Risk ................................................................................................................................ 35 2018 Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (HIRA) ......................................................... 36 Flooding ............................................................................................................................................... 37 Coastal Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 43 Tropical Storms and Hurricanes .............................................................................................. 43 Sea Level Change ....................................................................................................................... 46 Tsunamis ..................................................................................................................................... 47 Precipitation Variability ..................................................................................................................... 49 Nor’easters .................................................................................................................................. 55 Drought ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Wind ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 Tornado ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Derecho ....................................................................................................................................... 60 Extreme Heat ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Air Quality and Respiratory Illnesses ...................................................................................... 64 Land ...................................................................................................................................................... 65 Earthquakes ................................................................................................................................ 65 Land Subsidence ........................................................................................................................ 68 Urban Karst/Sinkholes ............................................................................................................. 69 Chapter 4. Risk and Vulnerability Assessment ...................................................................... 71 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 73 Vulnerability Assessment Tools Used ............................................................................................. 74 Self-Assessment Tools and Plan Integration ......................................................................... 74 Hazus ........................................................................................................................................... 75 Assessing General Hazard Vulnerability ......................................................................................... 76 Assessment Methods ................................................................................................................. 76 Detailed Vulnerability Assessment by Hazard ............................................................................... 85 Flooding ...................................................................................................................................... 85 Coastal Hazards ...................................................................................................................... 101 Precipitation Variability.......................................................................................................... 112 Wind ......................................................................................................................................... 115 Extreme Heat .........................................................................................................................