India's Diaspora Engagement Strategy: An Analysis Submitted by Shiv Ratan Supervisor Dr. Manan Dwivedi Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviation ........................................................................................................................x Chapter 1: Outline of the Research Proposal .......................................................................1 1.1 Setting the Context ................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................4 1.3 Research Objectives ..............................................................................................5 1.4 Research Design ....................................................................................................6 1.5 Rationale for the Study ..........................................................................................7 1.6 Research Questions ..............................................................................................7 1.7 Limitations of the Study ........................................................................................8 1.8 Literature Review ..................................................................................................8 1.8.1 Why engage diaspora? .........................................................................................8 1.8.2 How to engage diaspora? ...................................................................................11 1.8.3 Diaspora Knowledge Networks .........................................................................13 1.8.4 Migration and Development ..............................................................................14 1.9 Literature gap ......................................................................................................18 1.10 Methods applied and data sources .......................................................................18 1.11 Content of Research chapters ..............................................................................19 Chapter 2: Indian diaspora past and present ......................................................................21 2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................21 2.2 Indian Labour Migration in Historical Perspective .............................................23 i 2.3 International Migration trends in India ...............................................................28 2.4 Remittance flow to India .....................................................................................30 Chapter 3:Engaging with Diaspora:Indian Experience ......................................................32 3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................32 3.2 High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora ........................................................32 3.3 Diaspora Engagement Strategy ...........................................................................34 3.4 Schemes and Programs for Diaspora Engagement in India ................................35 3.4.1 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas .....................................................................................35 3.4.2 Regional Pravasi Bharatiya Divas .....................................................................37 3.4.3 Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards...................................................................37 3.4.4 Know India Programme .....................................................................................39 3.4.5 Study India Programme .....................................................................................40 3.4.6 Tracing the Roots ...............................................................................................41 3.4.7 Scholarship Programmes for Diaspora Children ...............................................41 3.4.8 Overseas Citizenship of India Scheme ..............................................................43 3.4.9 Providing legal/financial assistance to Indian women deserted by their overseas spouses ........................................................................................................................47 3.4.10 India Development Foundation of Overseas Indians .......................................48 3.4.11 Prime Minister’s Global Advisory Council of Overseas Indians ....................51 3.4.12 Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre.................................................................54 3.4.13 Global Indian Network of Knowledge Network .............................................56 3.4.14 Pravasi Bharatiya Kendra ................................................................................58 3.4.15 Overseas Indian Centre ....................................................................................59 3.5 Mainstreaming Diaspora Policy ..........................................................................60 3.6 Main Developments in the Indian Diaspora Policy.............................................62 ii Chapter 4: Migration and Development ............................................................................67 4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................67 4.2 International Migration from India .....................................................................69 4.3 Remittances and the Indian Economy .................................................................77 4.4 Protection and Welfare of Emigrants ..................................................................81 4.4.1 Indian Community Welfare Fund ......................................................................81 4.4.2 Overseas Workers Resource Centre ..................................................................83 4.4.3 Indian Workers Resource Centre .......................................................................84 4.4.4 MADAD: Consular Services Management System ..........................................85 4.4.5 Awareness-cum-Publicity Campaign ................................................................85 4.4.6 E-Migrate :Emigration Management Project.....................................................86 4.4.7 India Centre for Migration .................................................................................87 4.4.8 Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana .........................................................................88 4.4.9 Mahatma Gandhi Pravasi Suraksha Yojana ......................................................89 4.5 Bilateral Cooperation ..........................................................................................90 4.5.1 Bilateral Labor Memorandum of Understandings .............................................90 4.5.2 Bilateral Social Security Agreement .................................................................93 4.5.3 Labour Mobility Partnership ...........................................................................98 4.5.4 Migration and Mobility Partnerships ...............................................................100 4.6 Multilateral Cooperation ...................................................................................100 4.6.1 India-EU Joint Declaration on Common Agenda on Migration and Mobility and High-Level Dialogue on Migration and Mobility ..............................................100 4.6.2 Engagement with IOM and Regional Consultative Process on Migration and Mobility ....................................................................................................................101 I. International Organization for Migration ..............................................................101 II.Colombo Process...................................................................................................102 iii III. Abu Dhabi Dialogue ...........................................................................................103 IV. Global Forum on Migration and Development ..................................................104 Chapter 5: Diaspora Engagement in India & China and Diaspora Institutions in other countries ..........................................................................................................................105 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................105 5.2 Diaspora Engagement in India ..........................................................................106 5.3 Chinese Diaspora Engagement ..........................................................................109 5.4 Indian Diaspora in the USA ..............................................................................111 5.5 Chinese Diaspora in the USA ............................................................................114 5.6 Student Mobility ................................................................................................116