WT/TPR/S/384 • Uganda - 351 - ANNEX 5 UGANDA WT/TPR/S/384 • Uganda - 352 - CONTENTS 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 356 1.1 Main Features of the Economy ................................................................................... 356 1.2 Recent Economic Developments ................................................................................. 357 1.3 Developments in Trade and Investment ...................................................................... 360 1.3.1 Trends and patterns in merchandise and services trade .............................................. 360 1.3.1.1 Merchandise trade ............................................................................................... 360 1.3.1.2 Services trade .................................................................................................... 362 1.3.2 Trends and patterns in FDI ..................................................................................... 363 2 TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIMES......................................................................... 365 2.1 General Framework .................................................................................................. 365 2.2 Trade Policy Formulation and Objectives ...................................................................... 365 2.3 Trade Agreements and Arrangements ......................................................................... 366 2.3.1 WTO .................................................................................................................... 366 2.3.2 Regional agreements .............................................................................................. 366 2.3.3 Other agreements and arrangements ....................................................................... 367 2.4 Investment Regime .................................................................................................. 367 3 TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE ...................................................... 369 3.1 Measures Directly Affecting Imports ............................................................................ 369 3.1.1 Customs procedures and requirements ..................................................................... 369 3.1.2 Customs valuation ................................................................................................. 370 3.1.3 Rules of origin ....................................................................................................... 371 3.1.4 Tariffs .................................................................................................................. 371 3.1.4.1 WTO bound tariffs ............................................................................................... 371 3.1.4.2 Applied MFN tariffs .............................................................................................. 371 3.1.4.3 Preferential tariffs ............................................................................................... 371 3.1.4.4 Tariff exemptions and reductions .......................................................................... 371 3.1.5 Other charges affecting imports ............................................................................... 372 3.1.5.1 Internal taxes collected at the border .................................................................... 372 3.1.5.2 Other charges..................................................................................................... 373 3.1.6 Import prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing .......................................................... 373 3.1.6.1 Import prohibitions ............................................................................................. 373 3.1.6.2 Import licensing .................................................................................................. 373 3.1.7 Anti-dumping, countervailing, and safeguard measures .............................................. 373 3.1.8 Other measures affecting imports ............................................................................ 373 3.2 Measures Directly Affecting Exports ............................................................................ 374 3.2.1 Customs procedures, valuation, and requirements ..................................................... 374 3.2.2 Taxes, charges, and levies ...................................................................................... 374 3.2.3 Export prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing ........................................................... 374 3.2.3.1 Export prohibitions .............................................................................................. 374 WT/TPR/S/384 • Uganda - 353 - 3.2.3.2 Export licensing .................................................................................................. 374 3.2.4 Export support and promotion ................................................................................. 374 3.2.4.1 Export incentives and support .............................................................................. 374 3.2.4.2 Free zones ......................................................................................................... 375 3.2.5 Export finance, insurance, and guarantees ................................................................ 375 3.3 Measures Affecting Production and Trade ..................................................................... 375 3.3.1 Incentives ............................................................................................................. 375 3.3.2 Standards and other technical requirements ............................................................. 376 3.3.3 Sanitary and phytosanitary requirements .................................................................. 378 3.3.4 Competition policy and price controls ....................................................................... 379 3.3.5 State trading, state-owned enterprises, and privatization ........................................... 379 3.3.6 Government procurement ....................................................................................... 380 3.3.7 Intellectual property rights ...................................................................................... 382 3.3.7.1 Industrial property .............................................................................................. 382 3.3.7.1.1 Patents, utility models, and industrial designs ...................................................... 382 3.3.7.1.2 Trademarks and geographic indications ............................................................... 383 3.3.7.1.3 Trade secrets, and other IPRs ............................................................................ 384 3.3.7.2 Copyrights ......................................................................................................... 384 3.3.7.3 IPR enforcement ................................................................................................. 384 4 TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR ................................................................................... 385 4.1 Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries ............................................................................. 385 4.1.1 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 385 4.1.1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 385 4.1.1.2 Agricultural policy ............................................................................................... 385 4.1.1.3 Subsectors ......................................................................................................... 386 4.1.1.3.1 Cash crops ...................................................................................................... 386 4.1.1.3.1.1 Coffee .......................................................................................................... 386 4.1.1.3.1.2 Cotton ......................................................................................................... 387 4.1.1.3.1.3 Cocoa .......................................................................................................... 388 4.1.1.3.1.4 Tea .............................................................................................................. 388 4.1.1.3.2 Food crops ...................................................................................................... 388 4.1.1.3.3 Livestock ......................................................................................................... 389 4.1.2 Forestry ................................................................................................................ 390 4.1.3 Fisheries ............................................................................................................... 391 4.2 Mining and Energy .................................................................................................... 391 4.2.1 Mining .................................................................................................................. 392 4.2.2 Energy ................................................................................................................. 392 4.2.2.1 Oil and gas ......................................................................................................... 392 4.2.2.2