ISSN 2464-9929 Association for Research, Innovation and Social Science GLOBAL POLITICS REVIEW Journal of International Studies www.globalpoliticsreview.com Volume 2, Issue 2, October 2016 2 Global Politics Review, vol. 2, no. 2. Global Politics Review Journal of International Studies Volume 2, Issue 2, October 2016 ISSN 2464-9929 Copyright © 2016 by Global Politics Review (GPR) - Associazione per la Ricerca, Innovazione e Scienze Sociali (ARISS). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (except as otherwise permitted by the Italian Law No. 633 of April 22, 1941, on the Protection of Copyright and Neighboring Rights - as amended up to Law No. 2 of January 9, 2008), without the prior written permission of ARISS. For information on subscriptions visit www.globalpoliticsreview. com or contact us at subscriptions[at]globalpoliticsreview.com. 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E-mail: staff[at]globalpoliticsreview.com Fax: (+39) 011 0371950 Global Politics Review 3 Content 4 Letter From the Editor 6 Editorial Team 7 About the Journal PAPERS 9 The Human Use of Human Beings: Suicide Bombing, Technological Innovation, and the Asymmetry of Modern Warfare Jeffrey William Lewis 28 The Origins of Chinese Dissidents in American Foreign Policy Kathryn Botto 40 New Approach of South Korea’s Middle Power Diplomacy: Focusing on Global Agenda Setting Kyung Suk Lee 58 Road to Rapprochement: Establishment of the 1972 United States’ Visit to the People’s Republic of China Through the Pakistani Channel Sunwoo Vivian Lee 74 The Shortcoming of Arbitration in the Modern World: the Third Parties Limitation Max D. Passey ESSAYS 91 Jihadi Brides: why do Western Muslim Girls Join ISIS? Maren Hald Bjørgum 4 Global Politics Review, vol. 2, no. 2. Letter From the Editor tepping from one milestone to another, the publishing process of this third issue again draws from the experiences the editorial team of the Global Politics Review Shad drawn from the previous issue. Our team of advisors, editors and reviewers is improving their workflow more and more, and each step that was a first only a year ago is becoming streamlined. But this routine does not keep us from constantly improving ourselves. For this issue, we have for the first time relied on former contributors to peer- review the majority of contributions, which we believe adds to the academic rigor and quality of the journal. Furthermore we were again able to augment the ranks of our editorial team by an additional member, Lilith Isa Sammer, who has already done a tremendous job with Cesare Scartozzi in editing and designing this issue. On behalf of the Global Politics Review, I would again like to formally welcome Lilith to our team. In this issue, we publish five papers and one essay on a wide array of issues in international security, diplomatic history, international law and anthropology. Dr. Jeffrey William Lewis examines in his article how insurgencies over the past decades have been able to counter the technological superiority of nation sates through the deployment of humans as a cost-effective precision technology in modern warfare. He concludes that strategists in the Western world have become excessively reliant on automated, technological advancement, which does not accurately reflect the asymmetric nature of the realities of today’s modern insurgencies. Kathryn Botto conducts a thorough analysis of Chinese dissident Fang Lizhi’s memoir as well as diplomatic cables and first person accounts to reevaluate the incident at George H.W. Bush’s 1989 banquet in Beijing. She finds that a number of unintended events and miscommunication between the American Embassy and the Chinese Government led to the complications of that evening, and that Fang’s emergence as Chinese dissident, although there may have been better options, roots back to that day. Kyung Suk Lee examines South Korea’s middle power foreign policy and assesses to what extent South Korea, accounting for structural constraints within the Northeast Asian security infrastructure, uses its full potential to contribute to peace and stability not only in Asia, but in the global arena. He finds that South Korea’s foreign policy, albeit ambitious, still predominantly concentrates on Asia, mostly through ODA activities tied to its own economic interests abroad. As a solution, Lee advocates increased global agenda setting for South Korea to become a credible responsible middle power. Sunwoo Vivian Lee provides a reevaluation of the visits of Kissinger and later Nixon to Beijing in the early 1970s through a comprehensive research of a number of primary sources, including diplomatic cables and memoranda of conversations. Lee shows the prominent role that the good offices of Pakistan played as intermediaries in facilitating the Global Politics Review 5 U.S.-China rapprochement of 1972. Max D. Passey provides in his paper evidence that in the UNICITRAL Model law on International Commercial Arbitration there has recently been increasingly a willingness by arbitral tribunals to extend the arbitration agreement to third parties who were not signatories to it. In her essay “Jihadi bides: Why do Western Muslim girls join ISIS?” Maren Hald Bjørgum provides an answer to that very pressing question. By drawing from a range of literature from sociology and gender studies, and by analyzing the online and print propaganda material of ISIS, Hald Bjørgum counters the narrative that young women that seek to subdue themselves to a misogynistic society, and establishes that the young women who join ISIS have agency of their own in the jihadi struggle. This finding will certainly be able to inform any measures that seek to stop the continuing number of women that follow the call of the Caliphate. On behalf of the Editorial Board of Global Politics Review, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to the authors who have made this issue possible with their outstanding contributions. I also would like to thank our academic advisors for their generous support. Last but not least, I want to thank our editor in chief and our formidable group of editors, who yet again have made this issue possible through their outstanding, meticulous work. I hope that all readers of this issue find its contents enlightening and entertaining, and gain from it a deeper understanding of Global Politics. Maximilian Ernst, Managing Editor 6 Global Politics Review, vol. 2, no. 2. Editorial Team Editor in Chief: Cesare M. Scartozzi Managing Editor: Maximilian Ernst Staff Editors: Guidogiorgio Bodrato Jordan DeWeger Lilith Isa Pietro Raviola Ceinwen Thomas Davide Zoppolato Affiliate Editors: Rachel Leng Advisors: Professor John Delury Chair of Common Curriculum (Global Studies) and Associate Professor of Chinese Studies at Yonsei University, South Korea. Professor Tao Xie Professor and Associate Dean at the School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University. Dr. Jin Kai Author for The Diplomat, and research fellow and lecturer at the Center for International Studies (CIS) at Yonsei University in South Korea. Dr. Antonio Fiori Associate Professor of History and Institutions of Asia at University of Bologna, Italy. Professor Matthias M. Maass Associate Professor at Yonsei University Graduate School of International Studies (GSIS), South Korea. Dr. Lonnie Edge Assistant Professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation. Professor Paolo D. Farah Assistant professor of public administration at West Virginia University, USA and Director of Research of gLAWcal – Global Law Initiatives for Sustainable Development, United Kingdom. Global Politics Review 7 About the Journal Global Politics Review (GPR) is a peer-reviewed journal of international studies published twice a year by the Association for Research, Innovation and Social Science (ARISS). The Journal was founded in 2015 by the Association through a sponsorship of the University of Turin. GPR publishes high quality research papers, interviews and essays that survey new contributions to the field on international studies, with a focus on alternative and non-western theories of international relations. The Journal aspires to achieve a two-pronged goal: to provide the opportunity for distinguished scholars and graduate students to publish unconventional and innovative researches, and to be a vehicle for introducing new ideas while encouraging debate among the academic community. Global Politics Review aims to make a distinctive contribution to the field of international studies and serve the academic community as a whole. Contact Information Associazione per la Ricerca, Innovazione e Scienze Sociali. [Association for Reaserch, Innovation and Social Sciences] Website: www.globalpoliticsreview.com Website: www.ariss.it Address: Via Cernaia 14, 10122, Torino, Italy. E-mail: staff[at]globalpoliticsreview.com Fax: (+39) 011 0371950 8 Global Politics Review PAPERS PAPERS PAPERS PAPERS PAPERS PAPERS Global Politics Review, vol. 2, no. 2, October 2016: 9-27. The Human Use of Human Beings: Suicide Bombing, Technological Innovation, and the Asymmetry of Modern Warfare Jeffrey William Lewis ABSTRACT: Suicide