IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS SPACE GENERATION CONGRESS NAPLES 2012 2012 | SPACE GENERATION ADVISORY COUNCIL SPACE GENERATION ADVISORY COUNCIL In Support of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications C/o European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 Vienna A-1030 AUSTRIA Email: [email protected] Website: www.spacegeneration.org Phone: +41 1 718 11 18 30 Fax: +43 1 718 11 18 99 Table of Contents SPONSORS AND PARTNERS .............................................................................................................. I LETTER FROM SGC CHAIRS ............................................................................................................ IV LETTER FROM SGC CONGRESS MANAGER ................................................................................... V SGC 2012 CONFERENCE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 1 SPEAKERS .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 CONGRESS HIGHLIGHTS .................................................................................................................................. 3 CONGRESS THEMES AND RECCOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 7 CONGRESS STATISTICS ................................................................................................................................. 13 SCHOLARSHIP STATISTICS ............................................................................................................................ 16 SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................................................................ 18 SGC 2012 ORGANISING TEAM ......................................................................................................... 19 SGC 2012 SESSION REPORTS ........................................................................................................ 20 INDUSTRY SESSION REPORT – SPACE TRANSPORTATION ........................................................ 21 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 23 2 THE ROLE OF NEW ACTORS WITH LAUNCH CAPABILITIES .................................................. 23 2.1 ACCESS-TO-SPACE IN EMERGING SPACE NATIONS ...................................................................... 23 2.2 ACCESS-TO-SPACE IN EMERGING COMMERCIAL AEROSPACE COMPANIES ............................ 24 2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 24 3 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS OF EUROPEAN LAUNCHERS ............................................... 26 3.1 COST OF EUROPEAN LAUNCHERS ................................................................................................... 26 3.2 COMPETITIVENESS OF EUROPE ....................................................................................................... 27 3.3 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 UNRESOLVED RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 28 4 POLICY AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS OF SPACE TRANSPORTATION ................. 29 4.1 SPACE DEBRIS ..................................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 SAFETY ISSUES .................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY OF LAUNCHING CAPABILITIES ......................................................... 30 4.4 EXPORT REGULATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 30 4.5 DELIMITATION OF AIRSPACE AND OUTER SPACE .......................................................................... 30 4.6 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 31 5 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 32 6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 33 AGENCY SESSION REPORT – ISS UTILISATION: 2020 AND BEYOND .......................................... 35 1 GOAL OF THIS STUDY ............................................................................................................... 37 2 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: AN INTRODUCTION ................................................ 37 3 USES OF THE ISS BEYOND 2020 ............................................................................................. 37 Cover Image: On 13 February 2012, the first Vega lifted off on its maiden flight from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana. Credits: ESA - S. Corvaja, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.1 USING THE ISS AS A SPACE TOURISM HOTEL ................................................................................ 38 3.2 USING THE ISS AS A MINING POST-PROCESSING FACILITY ......................................................... 38 3.3 THE ISS IN A LUNAR ORBIT................................................................................................................. 38 3.4 ISS COMMERCIALISATION .................................................................................................................. 38 3.5 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 39 4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AS MARS ANALOGUE ..................................................... 39 4.1 ANALOGUE MISSIONS FOR MARS ..................................................................................................... 39 4.2 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION FOR MARS ......................................................................... 39 4.3 ADVANTAGES FOR ISS PARTNERS ................................................................................................... 40 4.4 COMPLETED ANALOGUE MISSIONS .................................................................................................. 40 4.5 PROPOSED ANALOGUE MISSIONS .................................................................................................... 40 4.6 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 41 5 USING THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AS AN OUTREACH TOOL ............................ 41 5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 41 5.2 TYPES OF OUTREACH PROGRAMMES ............................................................................................. 42 6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 44 7 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 44 SOCIETY SESSION REPORT – SPACE FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF .......................................... 45 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 47 2 CURRENT TRENDS .................................................................................................................... 47 3 DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND CHALLENGES ........................................................................... 48 3.1 END-USER (NGO) ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.2 DATA PROVIDER (GOVERNMENT SPACE AGENCY OR PRIVATE INDUSTRY) ............................. 49 3.3 THIRD-PARTY FACILITATOR ............................................................................................................... 49 4 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 50 4.1 INDEPENDENT COORDINATING BODY .............................................................................................. 50 4.2 DEVELOPING STANDARDS ................................................................................................................. 51 4.3 CROWDSOURCING .............................................................................................................................. 51 4.4 OUTREACH ............................................................................................................................................ 52 5 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 52 6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 53 EXPLORATION SESSION REPORT – COMMUNICATIONS FOR EXPLORATION ........................... 54 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................