About eLife.eLifesciences.org The new open-access journal for outstanding research in life science and biomedicine. eLife is a non-profit, researcher driven initiative to change peer review and improve the way research is presented and shared. eLife is the non-profit, joint • A unique collaboration between the • It’s free to publish with eLife for the initiative of the Howard funders and practitioners of research, eLife first few years. We’re making it as easy Hughes Medical Institute, is run by active scientists. Each of the 200 as possible to get important works out the Max Planck Society, members on our editorial board is among into the open. Submit now – there are and the Wellcome Trust to the most respected scientists in their field. currently no publishing fees. communicate influential discoveries in the most • We promote rapid, fair, and constructive effective way. The first review. Initial decisions are made in a few “There’s room at the top for a step in the initiative is days. For submissions selected for full more effective approach to to establish a new, open review, post-review decisions are access journal for the most delivered in less than a month – and include scientific publishing. eLife important advances in life and a consolidated decision letter with only delivers the highest quality biomedical sciences – from essential revision requests. basic biological research research and the most important to applied, translational • We publish ground-breaking research discoveries, while saving and clinical studies. The in all disciplines from human genetics eLife journal extends the and neuroscience to biophysics and precious time in the publication reach and influence of key epidemiology. process and ensuring maximum discoveries and showcases new approaches to the impact for results.” presentation, use, and Randy Schekman, Editor-in-Chief and assessment of research. Professor, UC Berkeley Publish your best work Now publishing key advances in: Biochemistry | Biophysics & structural biology | Cell biology with eLife today Developmental biology & stem cells | Ecology | Epidemiology & global health | Genes & chromosomes | Genomics & evolutionary biology | Human biology & medicine Immunology | Microbiology & infectious disease | Neuroscience | Plant biology Easy to comply with funder policies. As an open-access journal, eLife makes all published papers immediately and freely available online under a Creative Commons-Attribution (CC-BY) license. All content is immediately deposited into PubMed Central and Europe PubMed Central. Still waiting for that great paper to get through peer review? Then you didn’t submit it to . Supported by @eLife facebook.com/eLifesciences eLife.eLifesciences.org eLife.eLifesciences.org Editorial Leadership Our editors work closely together Editor-In-Chief Richard Losick, Harvard University (USA) to achieve eLife’s Randy Schekman, University of California at Microbiology & pathogens commitment to fast, Berkeley (USA) James Manley, Columbia University (USA) fair, and constructive Chromosomes & gene expression editorial decision- Deputy Editors making while only Eve Marder, Fiona Watt, Centre for Stem Cells and Brandeis University (USA) publishing the most Systems neuroscience influential advances Regenerative Medicine at King’s College in life science and London (UK) Michael Marletta, The Scripps Research biomedicine. The Institute (USA) Chemical biology R. Schekman Senior Editors and Detlef Weigel, Max Planck Institute for the 175-member Developmental Biology (Germany) Chris Ponting, University of Oxford (UK) Board of Reviewing Computational biology Senior Editors Editors represent Janet Rossant, University of Toronto (Canada) the wide array of Stylianos Antonarakis, University of Geneva Developmental biology disciplines targeted Medical School (Switzerland) Human genetics for the eLife journal – & genomics Charles Sawyers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering from human genetics Cancer Center (USA) Oncology & translational and neuroscience Ian Baldwin, Max Planck Institute for medicine to biophysics and Chemical Ecology (Germany) Evolutionary epidemiology. biology Tadatsugu Taniguchi, University of Tokyo (Japan) Senior Editor, Immunology F. Watt Catherine Dulac, Harvard University (USA) Cellular & molecular neuroscience K (Vijay) VijayRaghavan, Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India Joe Goldstein, University of Texas (India) Genetics & genomics Southwestern Medical Center (USA) Medical genetics, medical physiology & metabolism Xiaodong Wang, National Institute of Biological Sciences (China) Cell biology/ Tony Hunter, Cell Salk Institute (USA) medical physiology & Metabolism signaling & basic cancer biology Huda Zoghbi, Baylor College of Medicine Prabhat Jha, University of Toronto (Canada) (USA) Animal models of human disease & Epidemiology behavioural sciences D. Weigel John Kuriyan, University of California at Berkeley (USA) Biochemistry, biophysics, & structural biology Board of Reviewing Editors Salim Abdool Karim Giulio Cossu Todd Golub Roberto Kolter Michel Nussenzweig Yigong Shi Julie Ahringer Ben Cravatt Bruce Goode Robb Krumlauf Hideyuki Okano Robert Singer Asifa Akhtar Jody Culham Jean Greenberg Werner Kuhlbrandt Richard Palmiter Nahum Sonenberg Richard Aldrich Michael Czech Peter Greenberg Antonio Lanzavecchia Duojia Pan Deepak Srivastava James Allison Valerie Daggett Carol Greider Michael Laub Roy Parker John Richard Amasino Chi Dang Leslie Griffith Ruth Lehmann Mercedes Pascual Stamatoyannopoulos Dora Angelaki Robert B.Darnell Eduardo Groisman Beth Levine Sam Pfaff Louis Staudt Mohan Balasubramanian Graeme Davis Roderic Guigo Pat Levitt Suzanne Pfeffer Gisela Storz Andrea Ballabio Roger Davis Bin Han Michael Levitt Jon Pines Kevin Struhl Utpal Banerjee Bart De Strooper Greg Hannon Liqun Luo Kathrin Plath Wes Sundquist David Baulcombe Emmanouil Christian Hardtke Vivek Malhotra Franck Polleux Diethard Tautz Timothy Behrens Dermitzakis Maria Harrison Peggy Mason Fiona Powrie Stephen Tollman Dominique Bergmann Ray Deshaies Michael Häusser Joan Massague Carol Prives Peter Tontonoz Carl T. Bergstrom Marcel Dicke Nathaniel Heintz Diane Mathis Nick Proudfoot Misha Tsodyks Benjamin Blencowe Harry Dietz Helen Hobbs John Mattick Molly Przeworski Wilfred van der Donk Joerg Bohlmann Ivan Dikic Oliver Hobert Mark McCarthy Louis Ptacek Victor Velculescu Michael Botchan Volker Dotsch Jules Hoffmann Sheila McCormick Mani Ramaswami Gordana Vunjak- Axel Brakhage Peter A.Edwards Brigid Hogan Helen McNeill Rama Ranganathan Novakovic Andrea Brand Eichenbaum Tony Hyman Gil McVean Aviv Regev David Wallach Marianne Bronner Joaquin Howard Barbara Imperiali Ruslan Medzhitov Danny Reinberg Christopher T.Walsh Axel Brunger Espinosa Elisa Izaurralde Freda Miller Ranulfo Romo Johannes Walter Margaret Buckingham Anne Ferguson-Smith Reinhard Jahn Noboru Mizushima David Ron Karsten Weis Ron Calabrese Russ Fernald Leemor Joshua-Tor Todd Mockler Christian Rosenmund Gary Westbrook Zhijian ‘James’ Chen James Ferrell Jim Kadonaga Sean J.Morrison Benoit Roux Tanya Whitfield Arul Chinnaiyan Eduardo Franco Nancy Kanwisher Jeremy Nathans David Sabatini Richard J.Youle Joanne Chory Matthew Freeman Jeffrey Kelly Sacha Nelson Shimon Sakaguchi Stephen Young Jon Clardy Elaine Fuchs Philipp Khaitovich James Nelson Alejandro Sánchez Phil Zamore Philip Cole Thomas Gingeras Ole Kiehn Timothy Nilsen Alvarado Xiaowei Zhuang Jon Cooper David Ginsburg Eunjoon Kim Jodi Nunnari Sema Sgaier Pascale Cossart Christopher Glass Dan Kliebenstein Thorsten Nürnberger Feng Shao eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd is a limited liability non-profit non-stock corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, USA, with company number 5030732, and is registered in the UK with company number FC030576 and branch number BR015634 at the address Suite 203, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX. v1 – May 2013.