EVALUATION OF AIRPORT CONFIGURATION TO ACCOMMODATE INCREASING AIR TRAFFIC DEMAND IN BANGLADESH MD. EMRUL HASAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (BUET), DHAKA-1000 June 2015 EVALUATION OF AIRPORT CONFIGURATION TO ACCOMMODATE INCREASING AIR TRAFFIC DEMAND IN BANGLADESH By MD. EMRUL HASAN A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (Transportation) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (BUET), DHAKA- 1000 June 2015 ii The thesis titled “EVALUATION OF AIRPORT CONFIGURATION TO ACCOMMODATE INCREASING AIR TRAFFIC DEMAND IN BANGLADESH”, Submitted by Md. EMRUL HASAN, and Roll No: 0412042401F, Session: April-2012 has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering (Transportation) on 13th June 2015. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. ________________________ Dr. Hasib Mohammed Ahsan Chairman Professor (Supervisor) Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1000 2. ___________________________ Dr. A. M. M. Taufiqul Anwar Member Professor and Head (Ex-officio) Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1000 3. ______________________________ Dr. Md. Mazharul Hoque Member Dean Faculty of Civil Engineering and Professor Department of Civil Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1000 4. ___________________________ Dr. Mahmood Omar Imam Member Professor (External) Department of Civil Engineering CUET, Chittagong. iii CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this thesis or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. June 2015 _____________________________ MD. EMRUL HASAN iv This thesis is dedicated to my mother Mrs. Shamima Aktar. Her continuous inspirations made this effort possible. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I give thanks with a grateful heart to Allah for protection and ability to perform this research work. I would like to give thank all who in one way or another contributed in the completion of this thesis. My special and sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Dr. Hasib Mohammed Ahsan, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), for his continuous guidance, constructive criticism, invaluable suggestions and affectionate encouragement at all stages of this study. His keen interest on the topic and enthusiastic support on my effort was a source of inspiration to carry out the study. Without his valuable direction and cordial assistance, this research work could never be materialized. I consider myself fortunate to work under his supervision. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Prof. Dr. A. M. M. Taufiqul Anwar, Prof. Dr. Md. Mazharul Hoque, and Prof. Dr. Mahmood Omar Imam, for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Dr. Md. Mazharul Hoque for his valuable guidance laced with suggestion and help. I would also like to thank the staffs of Department of Civil Engineering, BUET for their priceless support and continuous help in different stages of this research. I owe many cordial thanks to my friends for their priceless support and continuous help in this research. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents and younger brother for their never ending support. Their constant encouragement, patience, sacrifice and moral support saw me through to finish. vi ABSTRACT Due to highly congested and time-consuming roadway, waterway and emerging business and tourism in Bangladesh, the air travel demand is increasing rapidly. At present the Aggregate growth in air passenger movement is 9.9%, cargo movement is 7.4% and in 2012-2013, the Biman Bangladesh carried a total number of 15, 72,708 passengers and 33434 tons of cargos. To meet the demand, at present all aviation activities are carried out from three international and six domestic airports and five STOL’s. Country’s main airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (HSIA), Dhaka handles nearly 50 percent of the country's international and domestic arrivals and departures annually while the other two international airports, Shah Amanat International Airport (SAIA), Chittagong and Osmani International Airport (OIA), Sylhet handle nearly 21% and 4% respectively and the remaining 25% is handled by Bangladesh's domestic airports. There are about 18 domestic and 19 international airlines are now operating in and out of the country and B777-300ER aircraft has become the most demanding aircraft in Bangladesh which FAA and ICAO code are D-V and 4-E respectively. From the study it is found that, all the three international airports are facilitating with single runway systems. The HSIA, SAIA and OIA have runways designated as 14-32, 5-23, and 11-29 respectively. The runway dimensions for HSIA, SAIA and OIA are 3200m x 45m, 2940m x 45m and 3125m x 46m respectively. The HSIA runway meets the length requirement for the current design aircraft while the other two international airport runways have failed for Code E aircrafts. The width provided is adequate for all three international airports for category E design aircraft. The future demand for category F design aircraft requires the width to be increased to 60m for all the three international airports in Bangladesh. The HSIA is provided parallel taxiway system with a rapid exit taxiway at 14 End of the runway whereas the other two airports have central taxiways. The Taxiway width provided for the international airports in Bangladesh is sufficient to fulfill the requirements for Code E aircrafts. In 2012, the HSIA, SAIA and OIA accommodate 5.57, 0.92 and 0.21 million passengers annually while their design capacities are 8, 1.5 and 0.5 million per year respectively. In this respect the linear terminal design may be modified to pier or satellite terminal design to meet the future demand. The Approach Lighting system of HSIA is Precision Approach Cat-I (14 End) and Simple Approach with Sequenced Flashing Lights (32 End) where the other two airports has Simple Approach Lighting System on both ends. The Approach Lighting system should be upgraded to Cat-II in accordance with ICAO standards. The threshold lighting SAIA and OIA should be supplemented by wing bars and runway centerline lighting should be provided to facilitate operations of wide bodied aircrafts, especially during night and poor visibility conditions. All the three international airports are equipped with the NAVAIDS such as- DVOR, DME, NDB, ILS, MM, OM and OL. However, these navigational aids are in very poor condition and have a very low reliability, which needs urgent replacements. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Declaration iv Dedication v Acknowledgements vi Abstract vii Table of contents viii List of Tables xv List of Figures xix Glossary xxii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-6 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 3 1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 4 1.4.1 Determination of Air Travel Demand 4 1.4.2 Assessment of Air Transportation System of Bangladesh 4 1.4.3 Evaluation of Airport Configuration 4 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION 5 CHAPTER 2 AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLADESH 7-35 2.1 INTRODUCTION 7 2.2 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AIR TRAVEL DEMAND 8 2.3 GLOBAL AIR TRAVEL DEMAND 8 2.3.1 Air Passenger Traffic in 2013 10 2.3.2 Air Cargo Traffic in 2013 12 2.3.3 Aircraft Movement in 2013 13 2.4 AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLADESH 15 2.4.1 Air Travel Demand in HSIA, Dhaka 25 2.4.2 Air Travel Demand in SAIA, Chittagong 29 2.4.3 Air Travel Demand in OIA, Sylhet 33 2.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 35 viii CHAPTER 3 AIR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN BANGLADESH 36-104 3.1 INTRODUCTION 36 3.2 HISTORY OF AVIATION IN BANGLADESH 36 3.2.1 Beginning of Modern Era 36 3.2.2 During Liberation War 37 3.2.3 Post-Independence Era 39 3.3 AIRPORTS IN BANGLADESH 40 3.4 HAZRAT SHAHJALAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (HSIA), DHAKA 41 3.4.1 Location 42 3.4.2 Geography and Physical Environment 43 3.4.3 Major Facilities and Systems 43 3.4.3.1 Runway 44 3.4.3.2 Taxiways 44 3.4.3.3 Apron 44 3.4.3.4 Passenger terminal 46 3.4.3.5 Cargo terminal 46 3.4.3.6 Support facilities 47 3.4.3.6.1 Maintenance and hanger facilities for Biman 47 3.4.3.6.2 Fire and rescue service 47 3.4.3.6.3 General aviation (GA) facilities 48 3.4.3.6.4 Fuel farm 48 3.4.3.6.5 Catering facilities 48 3.4.3.6.6 Maintenance and workshop facilities 48 3.4.3.6.7 Cargo handling facilities 48 3.4.3.7 Aeronautical ground lighting system and navigational aids 49 3.4.4 HSIA Runway Pavement 49 3.4.5 Airlines Operated in HSIA 50 3.5 SHAH AMANAT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (SAIA), CHITTAGONG 52 3.5.1 Location 53 3.5.2 Geography and Physical Environment 53 3.5.3 Major Facilities and Systems 55 3.5.3.1 Runway 55 3.5.3.2 Taxiways 55 3.5.3.3 Apron 57 3.5.3.4 Boarding bridge 57 3.5.3.5 Passenger terminal building (PTB) 57 ix 3.5.3.6 Cargo terminal & agent building 57 3.5.3.7 Control tower and operation building 58 3.5.3.8 Ground transportation and parking 58 3.5.3.9 Fire and rescue service 58 3.5.3.10 Utility station 59 3.5.3.11 Aeronautical ground lighting system and navigational aids 59 3.5.4 Runway Pavement 59 3.5.5 Airlines Operated in SAIA 61 3.5.6 Aerodrome Obstacles 61 3.6 OSMANI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (OIA), SYLHET 62 3.6.1 Location 62 3.6.2 Major Facilities and Systems 63 3.6.2.1