Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 12(2): 313-315(2016) SHORT CO0081,&$7,21 Rediscovered of Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum Markgr. in Kalimantan (Penemuan Kembali Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum MarNgr. di Kalimantan) Inggit Puji Astuti, Saniyatun Mar‘atus Solihah, & Joko Ridho Witono Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16003 Email: [email protected] Received: June 2015, Accepted: May 2016 Gnetaceae is a gymnosperm family that Malay Peninsula and Borneo (Kalimantan, consists of only one genus, that is the genus Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak). Cultivation of G. Gnetum. This genus consists of probably fewer gnemon var. tenerum has never been carried out than 33 species (Markgraf 1929) with the in Southeast Asia (IUCN Red List of Threatened following distribution: 10 species are in South Species 2015; Butrat Wangmuang 2004; America, 2 species in West Africa and the Verheij Sukendar 1991). remainder in are suEtropical and tropical regions of According to Markgraf (1929), G. gnemon Asia (9erheiM Coronel 1992; :on Renner var. tenerum was oEtained in .utai Barat (Borneo) at 2006; 0arNgraf 1951). ,n Southeast Asia there are 16 an altitude of 100 m aEove sea level. This variety was species of Gnetum, 12 species of them are found in first collected from Borneo Ey F.H. Endert (Endert ,ndonesia (0arNgraf 1951). According to 0arNgraf 4892) on 1ovemEer 14, 1925. Since then, no more and 0unchsn (1951), Gnetum has the following reports stating the existence of this variety in general characteristics: glaErous trees, shruEs, or for .alimantan. At 2014, the exploration team of the mostly vines. /eaves decussate, simple, entire, Center for 3lant Conservation Botanic Gardens penninerverd, exstipulate, mostly provided with fine, rediscovered its presence in Central .alimantan. pellucid lines (spicular cells) parallel to the secondary Considering not much information aEout this nerves and then bearded on fracture. SpiNes ramified varieties it is very important to uncover the deeper or simple, axillary or often cauline, dioecious, each mainly its distriEution in ,ndonesia one with 2 opposite Easal scales and several collars As a first step in this direction, we have carried containing moniliform hairs and sessile female, out a morphological characterization of the variety, either numerous spirally arranged male ones Eelow a and identified its growing environment and natural ring of some sterile female ones, or a ring of few distriEution. fertile female ones. flower: a claw ± shaped, This research used a descriptive method transversely splitting perianth and a central stamen employing direct oEservation and identification in the with 2 (in G. gnemonoides one), yellow field, liErary research, and an examination of microsporangia that open Ey an apical median split. herEarium specimen data of G. gnemon var. tenerum flower: a fleshy outer envelope (perianth) and 2 stored in the HerEarium Bogoriense ± /,3,, thin inner ones (integuments), the innermost with a CiEinong. long, slender, apical tuEe, and an orthotropous ovule; sterile female flower without the middle envelope. Taxonomic Treatments Fruit: consisting of the fleshy outer envelope, which a. 0orphological characters in some spp. is narrowed into a stalN, the hardened, Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum is a shruE with a riEEed middle envelop, the thin, silNy, inner envelop, height of 3 m and a trunN diameter up to 7 cm. ,t has and large, horny seed with small emEryo. single leaves, lanceolate to oblong, penninerved, Gnetum gnemon reportedly has several integer, tip acuminate, base rounded to tapering, varieties. One of the varieties occurred in young leaves Erownish red to light green, older leaves Southeast Asia is G. gnemon var. tenerum darN green, upper surface and lower surface dull Markgr. This variety is distributed in Thailand, green. ,nflorescences terminal and axillary, yellow. 313 Astuti et al. Young fruit, oElong shape, size 1-1.5 cm and herEarium Bogoriense, the distriEution of this variety diameter of 1-1.5 cm (Figure 1). appeared to Ee wider, which in cludes SarawaN and .alimantan (TaEle 1 E. Ecology Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum was first ,n general, G. gnemon var. tenerum grows in discovered in ,ndonesia in 1893-1894 Ey H. Hallier. moist areas in the lowland forest, along the EanNs of At first, this variety was named G. gnemon, Eut then streams and sometimes in the mountains up to an in 1917 0arNgraf successfully differentiated this altitude of 1200 m aEove sea level. separate variety of the species with the name G. gnemon var. tenerum. ,n 1896-1897, -aheri (an c. Distribution employee of the Botanic Garden of Buitenzorg,now Based on data from the literature search and Nnown as the Bogor Botanical Gardens) collected the field research, G. gnemon var. tenerum in .alimantan species at Bloe-oe River (now Buluh River, South would appear to Ee only Nnown in the :est .utai .alimantan) on the 1ieuwenhuis expedition headed region (East .alimantan) and in .atingan (Central Ey Anton : 1ieuwenhuis. AmdMah (1898) collected .alimantan). However Eased on the specimens at the species at the Boeleng River (now Bulan River, a b Figure 1. G. gnemon var. tenerum: a) habitus dan b) fruit appears at terminal Table 1. Data distribution of G. gnemon var. tenerum from specimens in Herbarium Bogoriense Number Collection No. Collector of Year Location Information number collection 1. H. Hallier 2540 4 1893-1894 Djemala River, Expedition Mount Kelam areas, West Kalimantan 2. Jaheri 414 1 1896-1897 Bloe-oe River, Nieuwenhuis South Kalimantan Expedition 3. Amdjah 117 1 October 28, Boeleng River, x Determinator: 1898 West Kalimantan H. Hallier (1917) x Local name: belinju 4. F.H. Endert 4892 2 November 14, West Kutai, East Expedition Midden 1925 Kalimantan Oost. Borneo 5. Anonim (a 420 1 - Sarawak, Malaysia Determinator: native of Markgraf (1930) Sarawak) 6. Dan Bin Hj. 4356 1 June 7, 1961 District Miri, x Determinator: Bakar Lambir Hill, J.A.R Anderson Sarawak at 500 m x Local name: above sea level sabong 314 Rediscovered: Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum Markgr. In Kalimantan 0anagement 9 (31 9) on '' Development of 3lant Ex Situ Conservation Areas in the Form of Regional Botanic Gardens '' for facilitating the over all exploration and research in 3roduction Forest Area 3T. Sarana 3iranti 8tama, .atingan, Central .alimantan. ThanNs are also due, to the head and staff of 3T Sarana 3iranti 8tama for ease entry to the forest area and to the Head of the HerEarium Bogoriense who has given permission to use herbarium specimens. REFERENCES Butrat, 3. A. :angmuang. 2004. Development of stroEilus, seed and emEryo of 3haN 0iang. Figure 2. Distribution of G. gnemon var. tenerum in [Gnetum gnemon (/inn.) var. tenerum Kalimantan 0arNgr.]. SongNlanaNarin -ournal Science :est .alimantan). The last of the early recordings of Technology. 26(2): 153-165. G. gnemon var. tenerum from .alimantan was the ,8C1 Red /ist Threatened Species. 2015. result of a collection Ey F. H. Endert oEtained in the www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 5 0arch 2015. 0idden 2ost. Expedition to Borneo on 1ovemEer 0arNgraf, F. 1928-1930. 0onographie Der Gattung 14, 1925 in :est .utai, East .alimantan. The Gnetum. S /ands 3lantentuin. Bulletin du recorded distriEution of G. gnemon var. tenerum can -ardin BotaniTue. 3(10) : 407-511. Ee seen in Figure 2. 0arNgraf, F. 0ünchen. 1951. Spermatophyta Based on data from herbarium specimens it (Gnetaceae). Flora 0alesiana. Serie ,, 4: 336- is known that G. gnemon var. tenerum was last 341. discovered in Indonesia in 1925. However, 89 9erheiM, E:0. R.E. Coronel (Ed.). 1992. EdiEle years later, it was rediscovered by an Fruit and 1uts. 3lant Resources of South-East exploration team from the Bogor Botanical Asia. 3rosea. Bogor. 3age 182-184. Gardens in the production forest area of PT. 9erheiM, E:0. SuNendar. 1991. Tanaman Sarana Piranti Utama, in Katingan, Central SumEer Daya Asia Tenggara. 3rosea Kalimantan. During this long interval, there was Foundation. Bogor. http://www.proseanet.org. no publication of related research on G. gnemon Accessed 11 FeEruary 2015. var. tenerum in Indonesia after the discovery by :on, H. SS. Renner. 2006. Dating Dispersal and FH. Endert in Kutai Barat. This is probably Radiation in the Gymnosperm Gnetum because people have been paying little attention (Gnetales)± ClocN CaliEration :hen 2utgroup to the possible existence of the plant and have Relationships Are 8ncertain. Systematic assumed that this ”‘melinMo‘‘ is the kind of G. Biology. 55(4): 610± 622. gnemon. Distribution of G. gnemon var. tenerum in Indonesia is spread from East .alimantan, South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, to West Kalimantan. G. gnemon var. tenerum is a plant that can be consumed as a vegetable, therefore research on the potential of the plant will be important in the future. $&.2:LEDGE0ENTS Thanks go to the 1ational 3riority 3rogram 315 .