Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 2013 Renewable Energy Data Book Acknowledgments This report was produced by Sean Esterly and Rachel Gelman, edited by Karin Haas, and designed by Stacy Buchanan and Alfred Hicks of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). We greatly appreciate the input, review, and support of Ookie Ma, Steve Capanna, Fred Joseck, Hoyt Battey, Douglas Hollett, Minh Le, Jay Nathwani, Tien Nguyen, Christopher Richard, Valerie Reed, and Logan Putnam of DOE, as well as Doug Arent, Austin Brown, Jacquelin Cochran, Paul Denholm, David Feldman, Bryan Hannegan, Jeff Logan, Maggie Mann, David Mooney, Robin Newmark, Michael Pacheco, Gian Porro, Paul Schwabe, and Keith Wipke of NREL. The primary data represented and synthesized in the 2013 Renewable Energy Data Book come from the publicly available data sources identified on page 124. Front page background photo from iStock/10400515 Front page inset photos (left to right): iStock/754519, iStock/4393369, iStock/354309, iStock/2101722, iStock/2574180, iStock/5080552, Leslie Eudy, NREL 17854, iStock/11265066 Page 2: iStock/721000, page 6: iStock/5751076, page 16: photo from Invenergy LLC, NREL 14369, page 40: iStock/750178, page 52: iStock/ 754519, page 62: iStock/4393369, page 68: iStock/354309, page 74: iStock/2101722, page 80: iStock/2574180, page 84: iStock/5080552, Page 88: photo by Leslie Eudy, NREL 17854, page 96: iStock/11265066, page 108: iStock/330791, page 118: iStock/3459287 Key Findings • United States overall energy consumption grew to 97.3 quadrillion Btu in 2013, a 2.4% increase from 2012. Energy consumption from coal and renewables grew slightly, while consumption from petroleum and natural gas fell slightly. • United States electric power sector energy consumption grew to 38.4 quadrillion Btu in 2013, a 0.6% increase from 2012.* • Renewable electricity** grew to nearly 15% of total installed capacity and 13% of total electricity generation in the United States in 2013. Installed renewable electricity capacity exceeded 171 gigawatts (GW) in 2013, generating 534 TWh. • In 2013 in the United States, solar electricity was the fastest growing electricity generation technology, with cumulative installed capacity increasing by nearly 66% from the previous year. • In the United States, wind electricity generation increased 20% in 2013, while wind electricity capacity grew 1.8%. *Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA); full references are provided beginning on page 125. **Unless noted, renewable electricity includes hydropower and biopower 3 Key Findings (continued) • In the United States, renewable electricity has been capturing a growing percentage of new capacity additions during the past few years. In 2013, renewable electricity accounted for more than 61% of all new electricity capacity installations in the United States. By comparison, renewable electricity captured 4% of new capacity additions in 2004 and 57% in 2008.* • The installed global renewable electricity* capacity more than doubled between 2000 and 2013, and comprises 27% of the total electricity capacity globally, representing a significant and growing portion of the total energy supply. • Worldwide, solar photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) are among the fastest growing renewable electricity technologies—between 2000 and 2013, solar electricity generation worldwide increased by a factor of nearly 68. • Biodiesel was the fastest growing biofuel type, with production increasing by 64% in the United States and 17% globally, from a relatively small base. *Source: EIA 4 Table of Contents U.S. Energy Background Information .................................................. I Renewable Electricity in the United States .......................................... II Global Renewable Energy Development ............................................. III Wind ................................................................................................. IV Solar .................................................................................................. V Geothermal ........................................................................................ VI Biopower ........................................................................................... VII Hydropower ....................................................................................... VIII Advanced Water Power ...................................................................... IX Hydrogen ........................................................................................... X Renewable and Alternative Fuels ........................................................ XI Clean Energy Investments .................................................................. XII Glossary ............................................................................................. XIII References ......................................................................................... XIV I. U.S. Energy Background Information U.S. Energy Production and Consumption (2013) U.S. Energy Production (2013): 81.8 Quadrillion Btu I U.S. Renewable Energy Production: 24.7% Coal 10.1% Nuclear 9.2 Quadrillion Btu 11.2% Renewables 34.6% Solar* Wind 19.3% Crude Oil Biomass 1.9% Natural Gas 0.4% 5.5% Geothermal Hydropower 0.3% 3.1% U.S. Energy Consumption (2013): 97.3 Quadrillion Btu 18.5% Coal U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption: 8.5% Nuclear 9.2 Quadrillion Btu 27.4% Natural Gas 9.4% Renewables Wind Solar* 36.1% Petroleum Biomass 1.6% Geothermal0.3% 4.6% Hydropower Source: EIA 0.2% 2.6% The difference in the amount of energy consumed and produced is made up by net imports. All data are reported as primary energy. *Solar PV data provided includes only on-grid systems of 1 MW or higher in capacity. Grid-connected distributed capacity and associated generation of 1 MW or less, a rapidly growing market segment, is included in subsequent figures in later sections. 7 U.S. Energy Background Information | December 2014 U.S. Energy Production by Energy Source Total Production I Coal Natural Gas* Crude Oil Nuclear Renewables (Quadrillion Btu) 2000 31.9% 31.2% 17.3% 11.0% 8.6% 71.3 2001 32.8% 31.7% 17.1% 11.2% 7.2% 71.7 2002 32.1% 31.0% 17.2% 11.5% 8.1% 70.7 2003 31.6% 31.4% 17.1% 11.4% 8.5% 69.9 2004 32.5% 30.7% 16.4% 11.7% 8.6% 70.2 2005 33.4% 30.1% 15.8% 11.8% 9.0% 69.4 2006 33.6% 30.2% 15.2% 11.6% 9.3% 70.7 2007 32.9% 31.1% 15.0% 11.8% 9.1% 71.4 2008 32.6% 31.6% 14.5% 11.5% 9.9% 73.2 2009 29.8% 32.6% 15.6% 11.5% 10.5% 72.7 2010 29.5% 32.9% 15.5% 11.3% 10.9% 74.8 2011 28.5% 33.8% 15.3% 10.6% 11.8% 78.0 2012 26.1% 35.2% 17.4% 10.2% 11.2% 79.2 2013 24.7% 34.6% 19.3% 10.1% 11.2% 81.8 Source: EIA *Includes natural gas liquids. Annual totals may not equal 100% due to rounding. 8 U.S. Energy Background Information | December 2014 U.S. Energy Consumption by Energy Source I Total Consumption Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Nuclear Renewables (Quadrillion Btu) 2000 22.9% 24.1% 38.7% 8.0% 6.2% 98.7 2001 22.8% 23.7% 39.7% 8.4% 5.4% 96.1 2002 22.4% 24.1% 39.2% 8.3% 5.9% 97.6 2003 22.8% 23.3% 39.6% 8.1% 6.1% 97.9 2004 22.5% 22.9% 40.3% 8.2% 6.1% 100.0 2005 22.7% 22.5% 40.3% 8.1% 6.2% 100.2 2006 22.5% 22.3% 40.1% 8.3% 6.7% 99.6 2007 22.5% 23.4% 39.3% 8.3% 6.5% 101.3 2008 22.5% 24.0% 37.5% 8.5% 7.3% 99.3 2009 20.8% 24.8% 37.4% 8.8% 8.1% 94.6 2010 21.3% 25.1% 36.7% 8.6% 8.2% 98.0 2011 20.2% 25.6% 36.3% 8.5% 9.3% 97.5 2012 18.2% 27.5% 36.4% 8.5% 9.3% 95.0 2013 18.5% 27.4% 36.1% 8.5% 9.4% 97.3 Source: EIA 9 U.S. Energy Background Information | December 2014 U.S. Electricity Nameplate Capacity and Generation (2013) U.S. Electric Nameplate Capacity (2013): 1,155 GW I 28.8% Coal 9.0% Nuclear U.S. Renewable Capacity: 171 GW 14.8% Renewable Energy * 0.4% Other 42.5% Natural Gas 4.5% Petroleum Wind Solar Biomass 5.3% 1.1% Hydropower Geothermal1.3% 6.8% 0.3% U.S. Electric Net Generation (2013): 4,074 TWh 38.9% Coal 19.4% Nuclear U.S. Renewable Generation: 534 TWh 13.1% Renewable Energy 0.6% Other 0.7% Petroleum Wind Solar* Biomass 4.1% 0.5% 27.3% Natural Gas Hydropower Geothermal1.5% 6.6% 0.4% Sources: EIA, Larry Sherwood/Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) Other includes pumped storage, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, tire-derived fuels, and miscellaneous technologies. *Grid-connected only 10 U.S. Energy Background Information | December 2014 U.S. Electricity Generating Capacity by Source Other Total Capacity Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Other I Gases (MW) 2000 39.6% 8.0% 28.6% 0.3% 12.3% 11.0% 0.1% 848,112 2001 37.6% 8.2% 31.6% 0.2% 11.7% 10.6% 0.1% 895,186 2002 35.2% 6.9% 36.7% 0.2% 10.9% 10.0% 0.1% 960,306 2003 33.2% 6.6% 39.9% 0.2% 10.4% 9.6% 0.1% 1,012,402 2004 32.5% 6.3% 41.0% 0.2% 10.2% 9.5% 0.1% 1,030,056 2005 32.1% 6.2% 41.7% 0.2% 10.1% 9.7% 0.1% 1,047,704 2006 31.8% 6.1% 41.9% 0.2% 10.0% 9.9% 0.1% 1,056,289 2007 31.5% 5.8% 42.1% 0.2% 9.9% 10.3% 0.1% 1,066,961 2008 30.5% 5.6% 41.4% 0.2% 9.6% 11.0% 0.1% 1,083,175 2009 30.7% 5.7% 41.7% 0.2% 9.7% 11.9% 0.1% 1,102,331 2010 30.6% 5.6% 41.7% 0.3% 9.5% 12.3% 0.1% 1,120,188 2011 30.2% 5.1% 42.1% 0.2% 9.4% 12.9% 0.1% 1,135,959 2012 29.2% 4.6% 42.3% 0.2% 9.4% 14.2% 0.1% 1,167,503 2013 28.8% 4.5% 42.5% 0.3% 9.0% 14.8% 0.1% 1,151,812 Sources: EIA 11 U.S.