Initial Environment Examination Project Number: 47229-001 March 2016 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) Package: UEAP/PWD/C-89 Submitted by Project implementation Unit –UEAP (Roads and Bridges), Dehradun This initial environment examination report has been submitted to ADB by the Project implementation Unit – UEAP (Roads and Bridges), Dehradun and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This initial environment examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination February 2015 India: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Protection/Treatment work on Chronic land slide zone on Nainital-Bhowali Motor Road (UEAP/PWD/P-89) in District Nainital of Uttarakhand Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand, for the Asian Development Bank. i ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BOQ - Bill of Quantity CTE - Consent to Establish CTO - Consent to Operate DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DSC - Design and Supervision Consultancy DOT - Department of Tourism CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board EA - Executing Agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EARF - Environment Assessment and Review Framework EC - Environmental Clearance EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environment Management and Monitoring Plan EMP - Environment Management Plan GoI - Government of India GRM - Grievance Redressal Mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IST - Indian Standard Time LPG - Liquid Petroleum Gas MDR - Major District Road MoEF&CC - Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards NDBR - Nanda Devi Biospher Reserve NDNP - Nanda Devi National Park NH - National Highway ODR - Other District Road OM - Operations Manual PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PWD - Public Works Department REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SDMA - State Disaster Management Authority SH - State Highway SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement SRTC - State Road Transport Corporation UCADA - Uttarakhand Civil Aviation Development Authority UEAP - Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project UEPPCB - Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board UJS - Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan VR - Village Road ii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm - centimeter Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 Km – Kilometer Kph - Kilometer per hour Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter Mm – Millimeter MSL - Mean sea level µ - 10-6 meter µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter µS/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalo turbidity unit Ppm – parts per million iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT S.No. DESCRIPTION Page No. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2 CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 6 Project Background/Rationale 6 Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) 6 Purpose of the Environmental Assessment 7 Extent of IEE 7 IEE Content 8 Methodology 8 Public Consultation 9 3 CHAPTER- 2- POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 10 4 CHAPTER-3 DESRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 15 Project Location 15 Proposed Category of the Project 15 Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 16 Project Implementation Schedule 16 5 CHAPTER 4- DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 17 Physical Environment 17 Geography 17 Geology 18 Physiography 19 Pedology 20 Climate and Meteorology 20 Air quality and Noise Quality 21 Hydrology 22 Mineral Resources 23 Seismology 23 Ecology 24 Socio-Economic Profile 32 Social and cultural development 32 Land use pattern 33 Health 34 Literacy 35 Cultural and Archeological Resources 35 Economic Development 35 Transportation and Communication 35 Industrial Development 37 Agriculture 37 Fisheries 40 Energy and electric power potential 40 Aesthetic and tourism 40 6 CHAPTER- 5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND 42 MITIGATION MEASURES Negative Impacts related to Project Locations, Preliminary Planning & 42 Design Impact and Mitigation Measure during Planning and Design Phase 42 Impacts during Construction Phase 42 Impacts on the Physical Environment and Mitigation Measures 43 Impacts on Water Quantity 43 Disfiguration of Landscape by Road Embankments, Cuts, Fills, and 44 Quarries. Loss of productive soil 44 iv Compaction and Contamination of Soil 44 Impacts on Environmental Quality 44 Noise and Vibration from Civil Works 45 Impacts on the Socio-Economic 46 Encroachment on Historical and Cultural areas. 46 Impacts on Occupational Health and safety 46 Impacts on Community Health and Safety 46 7 CHAPTER-6 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND 48 PARTICIPATION Public Participation during the Preparation of the IEE 48 Future Consultation and Disclosure 49 Consultation during Detailed Design 49 Consultation during Construction 50 Project Disclosure 50 Public Disclosure 50 8 CHAPTER- 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 51 PLAN AND GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM Environmental Management Plan 51 Institutional Arrangement 51 UEAP, SDMA (PMU) 52 UEAP, IA FPIU 53 Environmental Expert Consultant (FPIU) 53 The Contractor 53 Environmental Monitoring Programme 79 Performance Indicators 79 Environmental Budget 82 Grievance and Redress Mechanism 83 9 CHAPTER -8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 84 v LIST OF FIGURES SL. NO FIGURES PAGE NO. FIGURE-I.1 Process flow for carrying out IEE 9 FIGURE- III.1 Location of Project site 15 FIGURE- IV.1 Divisions and districts in Uttarakhand 17 FIGURE- IV.2 Seismic Zonetion map of India 24 FIGURE- IV.3 Forest types in Uttarakhand 25 LIST OF TABLES SL.NO TABLES PAGE NO. TABLE II.1 Applicable Environmental National and State Requirements for UEAP 10 TABLE IV.1 Availability of Important Minerals (million ones) 23 TABLE IV.2 District-Wise Forest Cover, Uttarakhand 26 TABLE IV.3 Predominant Top-Canopy (tree) species according to altitude 27 TABLE IV.4 Wildlife in Uttarakhand 28 TABLE IV.5 National parks in Uttarakhand 28 TABLE IV.6 Wildlife sanctuaries in Uttarakhand 28 TABLE IV.7 List of Major Flora 29 TABLE IV.8 List of Major Fauna 30 TABLE IV.9 Land utilization in Uttarakhand 33 TABLE IV.10 Land use pattern 34 TABLE IV.11 Health indicators of Uttarakhand 34 TABLE IV.12 Health infrastructure of Uttarakhand 35 TABLE IV.13 Transportation of Uttarakhand state. 36 TABLEI IV.14 Industrial development of Uttarakhand state 37 TABLE IV.15 Area under principal crops and productivity in Uttarakhand 37 TABLE IV.16 Ecological sub-regions and altitude-wise major agriculture crops 38 TABLE IV.17 Mode of irrigation and drainage system in Uttarakhand 39 TABLE IV.18 Agriculture scenario in Nainital 40 TABLE VII.1 Environmental management and Monitoring Plan 55 TABLE VII.2 The performance indicators and Monitoring Plans 79 TABLE VII.3 Environmental monitoring for Air, Water, Noise and Soil 81 TABLE VII.4 Environmental Budget 82 vi LIST OF APPENDIX SL.NO TABLES Page No. Appendix-A Cantt, Board, Nainital NOC 85 Appendix-B Rapid environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 86 Appendix-C Public Consultation Record 91 Appendix-D Grievance Redressal Cells 93 Appendix-1 Disposal Site Management 94 Appendix-2 Environmental Standards 96 Appendix-3 Typical Bitumen Disposal Pit 100 Appendix-4 Oil Interceptors 101 Annexure-5 Workers Safety in Common Operation and during Constructions 102 Annexure-6 Enhancement Measures 111 Annexure-7 Guidelines for the Management of road Section through Forest Areas 112 Annexure-8 Arrangement for Traffic during Construction 114 Annexure-9 General Guidelines for Contractor’s Construction Water Management plan 119 Annexure-10 Environment Friendly Construction Methodology 120 Annexure-11 Borrow areas Management 124 Annexure-12 Soil erosion and Sedimentation Control 127 Annexure-13 Locating Quarries, Rehabilitating Quarries and Guidelines for Stone 128 Crushers Annexure-14 Storage, Handling, use and Emergency Response for Hazardous Chemic 130 Annexure-15 Selection and Management of Construction camp 133 This initial environmental examination is a document of the State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A major disaster during 15-17 June 2013 severely affected several parts of Uttarakhand, which has a mountainous terrain and a fragile geology. Several towns have been washed away by the unprecedented flash floods and landslides, and a large number of public and private assets were damaged. The impact on the affected population due to the loss of connectivity has been manifold. As a part of