Alushta-2010 International Conference-School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion and 4-th Alushta International Workshop on the Role of Electric Fields in Plasma Confinement in Stellarators and Tokamaks Alushta (Crimea), Ukraine, September 13-18, 2010 This Conference/Workshop is sponsored by: European Physical Society National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” Science and Technology Center in Ukraine International Advisory Committee: O.Agren – Uppsala University, Sweden K.Nakajima – Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki, Japan V.Astashynski – IMAF, Minsk, Belarus I.M.Neklyudov – NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov, I.G.Brown – LBNL, Berkeley, USA Ukraine R.Galvao – CBPF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil M.P.Petrov – Ioffe Phys.-Tech. Institute, M.Gryaznevich – Culhem Lab. Abingdon, UK St.Petersburg, Russia C.Hidalgo - CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain A.A.Rukhadze – Inst. of General Phys., Russia A.Hassanein – Purdue University, USA M.J.Sadowski – SINS, Warsaw, Poland T.Klinger - IPP, Greifswald, Germany J.Sanches – CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain E.P.Kruglyakov – INF, Novosibirsk, Russia V.P.Smirnov – Kurchatov Inst., Moscow, Russia I.S.Landman - Forschungszentum Karlsruhe, J.Stockel – IPP, Prague, Czech Republic Germany G.Van Oost - Ghent University, Belgium J.Linke – Forschungszentum Juelich, Germany F.Wagner – IPP, Greifswald, Germany O.Motojima – ITER A.G.Zagorodny–Bogolyubov Inst. for Theor. Phys. (NASU), Kiev, Ukraine Program Committee: K.N.Stepanov (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU)- Chairman O.S.Pavlichenko (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) V.A.Makhlay (IPP NSC KIPT) – Scientific O.B.Shpenyk (Inst. of Electron. Phys., NASU, Secretary Uzhgorod) N.A.Azarenkov (Karazin National Univ., Kharkov) V.S.Taran (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) I.A.Anisimov (T.Shevchenko National Univ., Kiev) V.I.Tereshin (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) V.A.Buts (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU) V.T.Tolok (NSC KIPT, Kharkov) O.K.Cheremnykh (Inst. of Cosmic Research, NASU) V.S.Voitsenya (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) I.E.Garkusha (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) E.D.Volkov (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) I.A.Girka (Karazin National Univ., Kharkov) A.M.Yegorov (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU, A.A.Goncharov (Inst. of Phys., NASU, Kiev) Kharkov) V.I.Karas’ (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU) K.A.Yushchenko(Paton Inst. for Welding, V.F.Klepikov – IERT, NASU, Kharkov, Ukraine NASU,Kiev) Ya.I.Kolesnichenko (KINR, NASU, Kiev) A.G.Zagorodny (Bogolyubov Inst. for Theor. K.P.Shamrai (KINR, NASU, Kiev) Phys., NASU, Kiev) I.N.Onishchenko (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU) V.A.Zhovtyanski (Inst. of Gases, NASU, Kiev) Workshop Organizing Committee: G. Van Oost –Ghent University, Belgium – C.Hidalgo – CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain Chairman A.V.Melnikov – Kurchatov. Inst., Moscow, Russia L.I.Krupnik – IPP, NSC KIPT, Ukraine – J.Stockel – IPP, Prague, Czech Republic Scientific Secretary V.I.Tereshin – IPP NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine Local Organizing Committee: I.M.Neklyudov (NSC KIPT) – Co-Chairman V.A.Makhlay (IPP NSC KIPT) – Scientific V.I.Tereshin (IPP NSC KIPT) – Co-Chairman Secretary I.E.Garkusha (IPP NSC KIPT) – Vice V.V.Garkusha –Conference Secretary Chairman V.P.Chizhov (NSC KIPT) M.E.Maznichenko (IPP NSC KIPT) – Vice S.M.Maznichenko (IPP NSC KIPT) Chairman L.K.Tkachenko (IPP NSC KIPT) V.A.Mikhailov (NSC KIPT) - Vice Chairman S.V.Urvantseva (IPP NSC KIPT) A.M.Yegorov (IPENMA NSC KIPT) – Vice V.V.Yakovleva (IPP NSC KIPT) Chairman CONTENTS Preface Invited Lectures……………………………………………………….. 3 Contributed Papers …………………………………………………. 20 Topics: 1. Magnetic Confinement Systems: (Stellarators, Tokamaks, Alternative Conceptions)……..……………………………... 20 2. Plasma Heating and Current Drive…………………………… 55 3. ITER and Fusion Reactor Aspects..………………………….. 64 4. Basic Plasma Physics …………………………………………... 73 5. Space Plasma…………………………………………………. 95 6. Plasma Dynamics and Plasma–Wall Interaction ……………. 98 7. Plasma Electronics ……………………………………………. 116 8. Low Temperature Plasma and Plasma Technologies ……….. 135 9. Plasma Diagnostics …………………………………………….. 194 Index of authors………………………………………………….……. 216 International Conference and School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion ALUSHTA-2010 combined with 4-th Alushta International Workshop on the Role of Electric Fields in Plasma Confinement in Stellarators and Tokamaks follows the previous International Conferences and Workshops, which were held in Alushta in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and were organized by the National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”. More than 100 Ukrainian scientists and 70 foreign participants (from 16 countries) presented about 200 reports during Alushta-2008 Conference. Alushta-2010 is sponsored by the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, European Physical Society (EPS) and Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU). More than 220 abstracts were submitted by Ukrainian and foreign authors and selected by the Program Committee for presentation at the Conference Alushta-2010 the 4-th Alushta International Workshop. All the abstracts have been divided into 9 groups according to the topics of the Conference Program. Since the abstracts presented in this volume were prepared in camera-ready form, and the time for the technical editing was very limited, the Editors and the Publishing Office do not take responsibility for eventual errors. Hence, all the questions referring to the context or numerical data should be addressed to the authors directly. We hope that the contributed papers and invited talks, to be given at the Conference and Workshop, will supply new valuable information about the present status of plasma physics and controlled fusion research. We also hope that the Conference will promote a further development of plasma physics and fusion as well as the scientific collaboration among different plasma research groups in Ukraine and abroad. Program and Local Organizing Committees 4 INVITED LECTURES I-01 RECENT RESULTS FROM KHARKOV STELLARATORS V.S. Voitsenya, E.D. Volkov, V.I. Tereshin, and the U-2M and U-3M Teams Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine, E-mail: [email protected] Uragan-2M. Uragan-2M device is a medium size stellarator-type fusion device (major radius is R = 1.7 m, minor radius a £0.24 m) with reduced helical ripple value, moderate shear and the magnetic well (up to dV'/V' §-4.3%). The main parameters of the magnetic system: l = 2, m = 4 helical winding with additional toroidal magnetic field coils; maximum toroidal magnetic field strength is ȼmax < 2.4 Ɍ. Presence of the toroidal magnetic coils and the coils of the vertical magnetic field provides flexibility of this device in experiment. Recently the new four-strap RF (FSA) antenna was installed and has to start operation soon, without and with controlled gas (hydrogen) puff which gives a possibility to handle with plasma of density ³1013 ion/cm3. This antenna produces plasma hardly and, therefore, for plasma production a frame antenna (FA) has to be used, and the FSA antennae pulse goes just after the FA pulse. A series of experiments on the vacuum chamber RF wall conditioning were carried out aimed to develop a scenario for wall conditioning in a supercoducting machine. A discharge driven by the slow wave at frequencies w>>wci is studied. Especially for the RF wall conditioning, a small frame antenna is designed and manufactured. It can be used both at low (~8 MHz) and high (~150 MHz) frequencies. Owing to the small size, this antenna could be inserted and removed through the vacuum gate. The experiments show the acceptable performance of the antenna in both frequency ranges. Uragan-3M. The unique feature of the torsatron U-3M (l = 3, m = 9, R = 1 m, a » 0.12 m, i( a ) » 0.3, ȼmax = 1.3 Ɍ) is that all helical and vertical magnetic field coils are placed into a large (5 m in diameter) vacuum chamber and, in such a design, a magnetic configuration with the natural helical divertor is provided. A detailed study of the characteristics of the divertor plasma flows in the regime of RF plasma production and heating at w ԧ wci is one of the key problems for investigation at this device: a vertical asymmetry of the flows due to the ÑB drift, ion and electron energy distribution in the divertor flows, fluctuations in the diverted plasma before and during transition to H-mode, etc. The other problem being investigated in U-3M is the intensive comparative studies of the regimes before and after transition to better confinement of the low-collisional plasma 12 3 (ne § 10 ion/cm ), namely: measurements of the plasma characteristics, calculations of the plasma turbulent fluxes, estimation of the energy confinement time. After transition the energy confinement time increases significantly and becomes close to values that can be found for U-3M experimental conditions from the conventional stallarator scaling. The three-half-turn RF antenna was put into operation and several regimes of pulsed discharges with mean plasma density (0.5-2.0)×1013 ion/cm3 were investigated. At the plasma density 0.5×1013 cm-3 the central electron temperature reaches ~500 eV. Ion temperature is lower, ~100 eV. The achieved energy content of plasma is higher as compared with other experiments in U-3M. 3 I-02 CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF A STRAIGHT FIELD LINE MIRROR HYBRID REACTOR O. Ågren1, V.E. Moiseenko1,2, K. Noack1, A. Hagnestål1 1Uppsala University, SE-751 21Uppsala, Sweden 2National Science Center ³Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology´ 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine The straight field line mirror (SFLM) field [1] with magnetic expanders beyond the confinement region [2] is proposed as a compact device for transmutation of nuclear waste and power production. Compared to a fusion reactor, plasma confinement demands can be relaxed if there is a strong energy multiplication by the fission reactions, i.e. Qr=Pfission/Pfusion>>1. The values of Qr is primarily restricted by fission reactor safety requirements. For the SFLM, computations suggest that values of Qr ranging up to 150 are consistent with reactor safety.