Postulates, Theorems, and Corollaries Chapter 2 Reasoning and Proof Postulate 2.1 Through any two points, there is exactly one line. (p. 89) Postulate 2.2 Through any three points not on the same line, there is exactly one plane. (p. 89) Postulate 2.3 A line contains at least two points. (p. 90) Postulate 2.4 A plane contains at least three points not on the same line. (p. 90) Postulate 2.5 If two points lie in a plane, then the entire line containing those points lies in that plane. (p. 90) Postulate 2.6 If two lines intersect, then their intersection is exactly one point. (p. 90) Postulate 2.7 If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line. (p. 90) Theorem 2.1 Midpoint Theorem If M is the midpoint of AෆBෆ, then AෆMෆ Х MෆBෆ. (p. 91) Postulate 2.8 Ruler Postulate The points on any line or line segment can be paired with real numbers so that, given any two points A and B on a line, A corresponds to zero, and B corresponds to a positive real number. (p. 101) Postulate 2.9 Segment Addition Postulate If B is between A and C, then AB ϩ BC ϭ AC. If AB ϩ BC ϭ AC, then B is between A and C. (p. 102) Theorem 2.2 Congruence of segments is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. (p. 102) P ៮៬ ostulates, Theorems, Postulate 2.10 Protractor Postulate Given AB and a number r between 0 and 180, there is exactly ៮៬ and Corollaries one ray with endpoint A, extending on either side of AB, such that the measure of the angle formed is r. (p. 107) Postulate 2.11 Angle Addition Postulate If R is in the interior of ЄPQS, then mЄPQR ϩ mЄRQS ϭ mЄPQS. If mЄPQR ϩ mЄRQS ϭ mЄPQS, then R is in the interior of ЄPQS. (p. 107) Theorem 2.3 Supplement Theorem If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary angles. (p. 108) Theorem 2.4 Complement Theorem If the noncommon sides of two adjacent angles form a right angle, then the angles are complementary angles. (p. 108) Theorem 2.5 Congruence of angles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. (p. 108) Theorem 2.6 Angles supplementary to the same angle or to congruent angles are congruent. (p. 109) Abbreviation: suppl. to same Є or Х д are Х. Theorem 2.7 Angles complementary to the same angle or to congruent angles are congruent. (p. 109) Abbreviation: д compl. to same Є or Х д are Х. Theorem 2.8 Vertical Angle Theorem If two angles are vertical angles, then they are congruent. (p. 110) Theorem 2.9 Perpendicular lines intersect to form four right angles. (p. 110) Theorem 2.10 All right angles are congruent. (p. 110) Postulates, Theorems, and Corollaries R1 Theorem 2.11 Perpendicular lines form congruent adjacent angles. (p. 110) Theorem 2.12 If two angles are congruent and supplementary, then each angle is a right angle. (p. 110) Theorem 2.13 If two congruent angles form a linear pair, then they are right angles. (p. 110) Chapter 3 Perpendicular and Parallel Lines Postulate 3.1 Corresponding Angles Postulate If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of corresponding angles is congruent. (p. 133) Theorem 3.1 Alternate Interior Angles Theorem If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate interior angles is congruent. (p. 134) Theorem 3.2 Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary. (p. 134) Theorem 3.3 Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate exterior angles is congruent. (p. 134) Theorem 3.4 Perpendicular Transversal Theorem In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then it is perpendicular to the other. (p. 134) Postulate 3.2 Two nonvertical lines have the same slope if and only if they are parallel. (p. 141) Postulate 3.3 Two nonvertical lines are perpendicular if and only if the product of their slopes is Ϫ1. (p. 141) Postulate 3.4 If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel. (p. 151) Abbreviation: If corr. д are Х , lines are ࿣. Postulate 3.5 Parallel Postulate If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there exists exactly one line through the point that is parallel to the given line. (p. 152) Theorem 3.5 If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of alternate exterior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel. (p. 152) Abbreviation: If alt. ext. д are Х , then lines are ࿣. and Corollaries ostulates, Theorems, ostulates, P Theorem 3.6 If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the lines are parallel. (p. 152) Abbreviation: If cons. int. д are suppl., then lines are ࿣. Theorem 3.7 If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of alternate interior angles is congruent, then the lines are parallel. (p. 152) Abbreviation: If alt. int. д are Х , then lines are ࿣. Theorem 3.8 In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they are parallel. (p. 152) Abbreviation: If 2 lines are Ќ to the same line, then lines are ࿣. Theorem 3.9 In a plane, if two lines are each equidistant from a third line, then the two lines are parallel to each other. (p. 161) Chapter 4 Congruent Triangles Theorem 4.1 Angle Sum Theorem The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180. (p. 185) Theorem 4.2 Third Angle Theorem If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of a second triangle, then the third angles of the triangles are congruent. (p. 186) R2 Postulates, Theorems, and Corollaries Theorem 4.3 Exterior Angle Theorem The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two remote interior angles. (p. 186) Corollary 4.1 The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary. (p. 188) Corollary 4.2 There can be at most one right or obtuse angle in a triangle. (p. 188) Theorem 4.4 Congruence of triangles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. (p. 193) Postulate 4.1 Side-Side-Side Congruence (SSS) If the sides of one triangle are congruent to the sides of a second triangle, then the triangles are congruent. (p. 201) Postulate 4.2 Side-Angle-Side Congruence (SAS) If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent. (p. 202) Postulate 4.3 Angle-Side-Angle Congruence (ASA) If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. (p. 207) Theorem 4.5 Angle-Angle-Side Congruence (AAS) If two angles and a nonincluded side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. (p. 208) Theorem 4.6 Leg-Leg Congruence (LL) If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding legs of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent. (p. 214) Theorem 4.7 Hypotenuse-Angle Congruence (HA) If the hypotenuse and acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and corresponding acute angle of another right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. (p. 215) P ostulates, Theorems, and Corollaries Theorem 4.8 Leg-Angle Congruence (LA) If one leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding leg and acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent. (p. 215) Postulate 4.4 Hypotenuse-Leg Congruence (HL) If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and corresponding leg of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent. (p. 215) Theorem 4.9 Isosceles Triangle Theorem If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are congruent. (p. 216) Theorem 4.10 If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite those angles are congruent. (p. 218) Abbreviation: Conv. of Isos. ᭝Th. Corollary 4.3 A triangle is equilateral if and only if it is equiangular. (p. 218) Corollary 4.4 Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures 60°. (p. 218) Chapter 5 Relationships in Triangles Theorem 5.1 Any point on the perpendicular bisector of a segment is equidistant from the endpoints of the segment. (p. 238) Theorem 5.2 Any point equidistant from the endpoints of a segment lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment. (p. 238) Postulates, Theorems, and Corollaries R3 Theorem 5.3 Circumcenter Theorem The circumcenter of a triangle is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle. (p. 239) Theorem 5.4 Any point on the angle bisector is equidistant from the sides of the angle. (p. 239) Theorem 5.5 Any point equidistant from the sides of an angle lies on the angle bisector. (p. 239) Theorem 5.6 Incenter Theorem The incenter of a triangle is equidistant from each side of the triangle.