Study Guide #4 World War & its Aftermath The Belligerents in WWI (with dates of entry into war) Central Powers Allied & Associated1 Serbia (07.14) Italy (05.15) Austria-Hungary (07.14) Russia (08.14) Portugal (03.16) Germany (08.14) France (08.14) Rumania (08.16) Ottoman Empire (11.14) Belgium (08.14) Greece (11.16) Bulgaria (10.15) Great Britain (08.14) US (04.17) Montenegro (08.14) China (08.17) Japan (08.14) Brazil (10.17) The Five Paris Treaties Versailles – with Germany (June, 1919) St. Germain – with Austria (September, 1919) Neuilly – with Bulgaria (November, 1919) Trianon – with Hungary (June, 1920) Sèvres – with Ottoman Empire (August-1920)2 Substantial Post-War Conflicts & Wars in Europe: Polish-Ukrainian (summer 1919): over East Galicia, Poles emerge victorious. Polish-Soviet (1920-21): Over border, also an attempt by Red Army to spread revolution. Ended with Treaty of Riga. Polish-Lithuanian (1919-20): Over area around Vilnius. Poles were eventually able to hold this territory, forcing Lithuanians to establish their capital at Kaunas. Hungarians against Rumanians & Czechoslovak forces (1919-20): Struggle over borders and an attempt by Hungarian Soviet republic to set up a similar republic in eastern Slovakia. Greco-Turkish war (1920-23): struggle over eastern Thrace & Anatolia, ends in major population transfers (ethnic cleansing) between the two countries 1 Not included in this list are the smaller states of Luxemburg, San Marino, Cuba, Guatemala, Siam, Liberia, Panama, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Haiti, and Honduras, all of which joined in as Associated Powers (i.e., on the Entente side), mostly in 1917-18. 2 Renegotiated in 1923 as the Treaty of Lausanne – the only of the five treaties to be genuinely negotiated in contrast to being imposed. Plebiscites authorized by Paris treaties Schleswig (1920): north went to Denmark, south to Germany Allenstein & Marienwerder in East Prussia (1920): to Germany Klagenfurt area (1920): to Austria Upper Silesia (1922): most to Germany, eastern portion to Poland Saar (1935)3: to Germany Terms, Concepts & People to Have In Mind4 September Program (Germany) Sykes-Picot agreement Constantinople Agreement (1915) Woodrow Wilson Vladimir Lenin Russian Revolution (Bolsheviks) Fourteen Points Treaty of Brest-Litovsk League of Nations Versailles Treaty “War guilt” clause (article 231) Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd George Paris Peace Conference Reparations Rhineland (demilitarized) Little Entente Mandates Treaty of Rapallo Dawes Plan Locarno Pact Triads for Amusement & Edification5 Fourteen Points Vladimir Lenin Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Woodrow Wilson Germany World War I League of Nations World War I French security Empires of Eastern Europe Treaty of Versailles Empires ruled from Western Europe 3 Under League of Nations to 1935. 4 Always, at all times & in all circumstances, day and night, forever, and without exception… 5 Recall: the idea is to link the three items of the triad in a single analytical statement that can serve as the thesis for a paragraph or short essay. .