THE GOVERNANCE OF CULTURAL MEMORY THROUGH AUDIOVISUAL BROADCAST ARCHIVES PRESERVATION AND ACCESSIBILITY IN FOUR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Repor t by the Me d i a G o v e r n a n c e a n d I n d u s t r i e s R e s e a r c h L a b Un i v e r s i t y o f V i e n n a 2017 2 Authors Katharine Sarikakis; Director, Research Supervisοr Olga Kolokytha, Izabela Korbiel, Krisztina Rozgonyi; Senior Researchers Attila Bátorfy; Visiting Senior Researcher, ELTE Budapest © 2017 Vienna Media Governance and Media Industries Lab University of Vienna Mediagovernance.univie.ac.at Media Governance and Industries Research Lab University of Vienna [THE GOVERNANCE OF CULTURAL MEMORY THROUGH AUDIOVISUAL BROADCAST ARCHIVES] 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Archives in the digital age ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Research Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 9 2. Country Reports ................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 AUSTRIA ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1.1 Regulation .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 Television market ............................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.3 Radio market ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.4 Institutional conditions .............................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.5 Cultural policy context ................................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.6 Legal conditions .............................................................................................................................................. 22 2.2 GREECE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 Regulation .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Television market ............................................................................................................................................ 29 2.2.3 Radio market ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2.4 Institutional conditions .............................................................................................................................. 30 2.2.5 Cultural policy context ................................................................................................................................ 31 2.2.6 Legal conditions .............................................................................................................................................. 36 2.3 HUNGARY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 2.3.1 Regulation .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 2.3.2 Television market ............................................................................................................................................ 40 2.3.3 Radio market ..................................................................................................................................................... 41 2.3.4 Institutional conditions .............................................................................................................................. 41 2.3.5 Cultural policy context ................................................................................................................................ 44 2.3.6 Legal conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 52 2.4 POLAND ........................................................................................................................................................................ 56 2.4.1 Regulation .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Media Governance and Industries Research Lab University of Vienna 4 2.4.2 Television market ............................................................................................................................................ 57 2.4.3 Radio market ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 2.4.4 Institutional conditions - NInA ............................................................................................................... 58 2.4.5 Cultural Policy Context - NInA ................................................................................................................. 58 2.4.6 Institutional conditions - TVP archive .................................................................................................. 68 2.4.7 Cultural Policy Context - TVP archive .................................................................................................... 69 2.4.8 Legal conditions in regards to NInA and to TVP Archives ............................................................ 72 3. Findings of the comparative analyses ........................................................................................ 78 3.1 Institutional conditions .......................................................................................................................................... 78 3.2 Comparisons with regards to cultural policy context ............................................................................... 84 3.2.1 Development over time ............................................................................................................................... 84 3.2.2 Scope of archiving ........................................................................................................................................... 84 3.2.3 Accessibility and availability .................................................................................................................... 85 3.3 Legal conditions of digitisation of audiovisual broadcast archives in Austria, Greece, Hungary and Poland ........................................................................................................................................... 86 3.3.1 Status of the archives ..................................................................................................................................... 86 3.3.2 Preservation and archiving legal and regulatory requirements ........................................... 87 3.3.3 Fair use exceptions and limitations in copyright for enabling privileged access to archives ............................................................................................................................................................... 89 3.3.4 Online accessibility of broadcasters’ archives to the public – copyright licensing frameworks ....................................................................................................................................................... 90 3.3.5 The European Union Copyright Reform ............................................................................................... 91 4. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. 93 5. References ............................................................................................................................................ 99 5.1 Website sources ...................................................................................................................................................... 101 6. Annex - Interview records ............................................................................................................ 102 6.1 Austria ........................................................................................................................................................................ 102 6.2 Greece .......................................................................................................................................................................... 102 6.3 Hungary ....................................................................................................................................................................