Forty-ninth Meeting of the Council WP06.3 Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center The Rizqun International Hotel, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 3-7 April 2017 SOUTHEAST ASIAN STATE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE (SEASOFIA) 2017 I. BACKGROUND Information on the status and trends of fisheries is widely recognized as crucial in serving as basis for sustainable development and management of fisheries. SEAFDEC throughout the past decades had undertaken several activities to compile various forms of fishery-related data and information, e.g. regional fishery statistics based on the national statistics data provided by the Southeast Asian countries, as well as other data and information from different SEAFDEC programs/projects. In order to ensure that the outputs from these initiatives could be integrated or digested into information that support the development and management for sustainable fisheries of the region, SEAFDEC in 2010 undertook a pilot exercise in developing the publication on “The Southeast Asian State of Fisheries and Aquaculture” or “SEASOFIA”. Such endeavor was meant to provide platform for compilation of synthesized data and information generated from various programs of activities, while incorporating other data and information available in the region, in order to provide better understanding on the status and trends of fisheries and aquaculture of the region. The first SEASOFIA was published in 2012. While taking into consideration the usefulness of the SEASOFIA especially as a tool in providing a platform for integrating regional data and information and in coming up with information to support policy planning and management of fisheries, the SEAFDEC Council during its 44th Meeting agreed that the SEASOFIA could be published on a regular basis, i.e. every 5 years. It was also suggested that future production of the publication should be done in close coordination with other agencies that produce similar publications in order to avoid possible redundancies of the contents. Specifically, the SEASOFIA could focus on the analysis of the specificity of fisheries in the Southeast Asian region and could include the reasons behind the changing trends of fishery production in respective Southeast Asian countries. An analysis of the respective countries’ policy directions and management policies, as well as of over-exploitation or under-exploitation of stocks should also be included in the publication. With the support from SEAFDEC Council at its 48th Meeting, the preparation of SEASOFIA2017 was undertaken through close consultation among SEAFDEC Departments, and the draft content was compiled based on inputs from the respective Departments. The draft SEASOFIA was submitted to the 39th PCM for comment, and to seek additional inputs for the publication. While noting that SEAFDEC has requested for additional information from Member Countries, the PCM recommended that as in 2017 SEAFDEC is planning to convene its 50th Anniversary in November 2017, the launching of SEASOFIA 2017 should be made at the 50th Anniversary event. After accommodating comment from the 48th CM and inputs after the 39th PCM, SEAFDEC came up with draft SEASOFIA 2017 (Annex 1) for consideration by the SEAFDEC Council. Nevertheless, there are still issues faced by SEAFDEC in finalization of the publication, i.e. lack of data for topic on crocodile culture (the topic was suggested by the 48th CM), lack of data on species with prominent production. II. REQUIRED CONSIDERATION BY THE COUNCIL The Council is requested: 1) To support publishing of SEASOFIA 2017; 1 2) To provide policy guidance on lack of data e.g. crocodile culture from countries, species data with prominent production; and 3) To provide policy guidance for improvement SEASOFIA to be produce in the future. 2 Annex 1 (DRAFT) SOUTHEAST ASIAN STATE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2017 Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Preparation and Distribution of this Document Southeast Asian State of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2017 was prepared by the Secretariat of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), in collaboration with the SEAFDEC Departments, namely: the Training Department (TD), Marine Fisheries Research Department (MFRD), Aquaculture Department (AQD), the Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department (MFRDMD) and the Inland Fishery Resources Development and Management Department (IFRDMD) as well as contribution from Member Countries in Southeast Asia. The document is distributed to the SEAFDEC Member Countries and Departments, partner agencies and other fisheries-related organizations, and to the public to promote the activities and visibility of the Center. Bibliographic Citation SEAFDEC. 2017. Southeast Asian State of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2017. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Bangkok, Thailand. XX pp. NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder. Applications for such permission with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired should be made through and addressed to: SEAFDEC Secretariat Suraswadi Building Kasetsart University Campus P.O. Box 1046, Kasetsart Post Office Bangkok 10903, Thailand. All rights reserved SEAFDEC 2017 ii PREFACE iii CONTENTS I. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CAPTURE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 1. Global Production and Utilization of Fish 2. Fishery Production of Southeast Asia 3. Marine Capture Fisheries Production of Southeast Asia 3.1 Economically Important Species 3.1.1 Tunas 3.1.2 Small Pelagic Species 3.1.3 Demersal Fish Species 3.1.4 Crustaceans and Molluscs 3.2 Status of Fishing Vessels 3.3 Status of Fishers and Fish Farmers 4. Inland Capture Fisheries Production of Southeast Asia 5. Aquaculture Production of Southeast Asia 5.1 Mariculture 5.2 Brackishwater Aquaculture 5.3 Freshwater Aquaculture 5.4 Others 6. Fish Processing Industry 7. Fish Trade 7.1 Global Trading of Fish and Fishery Products 7.2 Southeast Asian Export-Import of Fish and Fishery Products II. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION 1. Marine Fishery Resources 1.1 Important Pelagic Fishery Resources 1.1.1 Tunas 1.1.2 Scads 1.1.3 Mackerels 1.1.4 Anchovies 1.1.5 Sardines 1.2 Important Demersal Fishery Resources 1.2.1 Species as Raw Materials for Surimi 1.2.2 Live Reef Food Fish Species 1.3 Challenges and Future Direction 2. Inland Fishery Resources 2.1 Status, Issues and Concerns 2.1.1 Inland Fisheries for Food Security and Poverty Alleviation 2.1.2 Data/Information Collection on Inland Fisheries 2.1.3 Impacts of Water Barrier Construction on Inland Fisheries 2.1.4 Complexity of Inland Capture Fisheries and Linkages with Other Sectors 2.1.5 Inland Fisheries Compared with Aquaculture v 2.2 Challenges and Future Direction 2.2.1 Improvement of Data Collection and Dissemination 2.2.2 Habitat Conservation and Restoration 2.2.3 Application of Fish Passage to Mitigate the Impacts of Cross-river Obstacles 2.2.4 Mitigating the Impacts of Freshwater Aquaculture 3. Species Under International Concern 3.1 Sharks and Rays 3.2 Eels 3.3 Sea Turtles 3.4 Sea Cucumbers 3.5 Seahorses 3.6 Coral Reef Ornamental Species 3.7 Challenges and Future Direction 4. Utilization of Fishery Resources 4.1 Status, Issues and Concerns 4.2 Challenges and Future Direction 5. Fisheries Management 5.1 Management of Fishing Capacity and Combating IUU Fishing 5.1.1 Management of Fishing Capacity 5.1.2 Fishing Vessel Registration and Fishing Licensing 5.1.3 Traceability of Capture Fisheries 5.1.4 Port State Measure 5.1.5 MCS Systems and Networking 5.1.6 Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Combating IUU Fishing 5.2 Management of Inland Capture Fisheries 5.3 Responsible Fishing Practices 5.3.1 Management and Reduction of By-catch from Trawl Fisheries 5.3.2 Optimizing Energy Use in Fisheries and Reducing Carbon Emission 5.4 Community-based Fishery Management Approach in the Southeast Asian Region 5.5 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management 5.6 Habitats Protection and Coastal Fishery Resources Enhancement 5.7 Challenges and Future Direction 6. Aquaculture Development 6.1 Control and Prevention of Present and Emerging Transboundary Aquatic Animal Diseases 6.2 Overcoming the Fish Meal Dependence in Aquaculture 6.3 Production and Dissemination of Good Quality Seed 6.4 Producing Safe Quality Aquaculture Products 6.5 Addressing Environmental Concern Due to Intensification of Aquaculture and Climate Change 7. Vulnerability of Fisheries to Climate Change and Natural Disasters 7.1 Vulnerability of Coastal and Inland Communities and Impacts on Important Habitats 7.2 Impacts of Climate Variability and Climate Change on Capture Fisheries 7.3 Impacts of Climate Change on Aquaculture Development vi 7.4 Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies to Balance Impacts of Climate Variability and Climate Change 7.5 Reducing Carbon Footprints from Fisheries and Aquaculture 8. Fisherfolks and Workers in Fishing Activities 8.1 Labor in the Southeast Asian Fishing Industry 8.2 Safety at Sea, Working Condition and Safety On-board of Fishing Vessels 9. Competition on Use of Water Resources with Other Sectors III. OUTLOOK OF FISHERIES FOR THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION IV. APPENDICES V. REFERENCES VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF BOXES ix LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF APPENDICES xi LIST OF ACRONYMS PART I. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CAPTURE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA I. GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF FISH For over one and a half decades, the global fish production has continued to grow from 136.2 million metric tons (MT) in 2000 to 195.7 million MT in 2014, increasing at a rate of approximately 3.12% annually (Table 1). During the same period, utilization of fish (for human consumption and non-food uses) also increased from 131.0 million MT to 167.2 million MT or an increase of 1.97 percent annually (FAO, 2016). During the period from 2000 to 2009, the percentage of fish produced for human consumption had risen by approximately 74% to 85%, declining sharply during 2010-2011, and remaining rather steady at approximately 75% until 2014 (Figure 2).