Indonesian Profile of Environmental and Social Considerations September 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency（JICA) Table of Contents Chapter 1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Overview of the Subjected Country .................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Laws/Regulations and Policies Relevant to Environmental and Social Considerations .... 1-6 1.3 Administrative Agencies Relevant to Environmental and Social Issues ............................ 1-7 1.4 Environmental Laws and Regulations ............................................................................. 1-10 1.5 Activities of International Aid Agencies.......................................................................... 1-10 1.6 Others ............................................................................................................................. 1-10 Chapter 2 Natural Environment .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Wildlife Species ................................................................................................................ 2-2 2.3 Significant Ecosystems and Habitats ................................................................................ 2-2 2.4 Other Matters .................................................................................................................. 2-10 Chapter 3 Anti-Pollution Measures ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Air Pollution ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Water Contamination ........................................................................................................ 3-2 3.4 Wastes ............................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.5 The Status of Other Pollution Issues and Efforts to Address Them ................................... 3-6 Chapter 4 Social Environment .................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Major Topics in the Aspect of Social Environment ........................................................... 4-1 4.3 Cultural Heritage .............................................................................................................. 4-4 Chapter 5 Climate Change .......................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Impacts of Climate Change ............................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Related Laws and Institutional Set-ups ............................................................................. 5-1 5.3 Counter-measures for Climate Change .............................................................................. 5-3 Chapter 6 Legal System and Procedure for Environmental Assessment ..................................... 6-1 6.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Projects Subject to Environmental Assessment ................................................................. 6-2 6.3 Implementation and Approval Procedures for Environmental Assessment ....................... 6-3 6.4 Information disclosure and residents participation in the environmental assessment process ............................................................................................................................................... 6-7 6.5 Business projects and activities not subject to environmental assessment ......................... 6-9 6.6 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 6-10 i 6.7 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 6-10 6.8 Comparison with the JICA Guidelines ............................................................................ 6-11 Chapter 7 Legal System and Procedures Relevant to Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement .............................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Related Laws and Regulations .......................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Procedures for Land Acquisition ....................................................................................... 7-3 7.3 Compensation ................................................................................................................... 7-8 7.4 Procedures for the Resettlement of Inhabitants ................................................................. 7-8 7.5 Comparison with JICA Guidelines .................................................................................... 7-8 Chapter 8 Legal System and Procedures Relevant to Considerations of Indigenous People ....... 8-1 8.1 Present Situation of Indigenous People ............................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Governmental Agencies Concerned and Relevant Laws/Regulations ............................... 8-1 Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Considerations under the Assistance Projects of Other Donors ................................................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.1 World Bank ....................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 Asian Development Bank .................................................................................................. 9-2 Annexes Annex 1 Organizational Chart of the Ministry of Environment of Indonesia Annex 2 International Conventions Relevant to Environment Ratified by Indonesia Annex-3 Indonesian Environmental Standards and Emission Standards Annex 4 Major NGO in Indonesia Annex 5 Protective Species Based on Domestic Law（Government Regulation No.7/1999） Annex 6 Major Laws and Regulations Relevant to Environment in Indonesia ii List of Charts Chart 1.1-1 Map of Indonesia ............................................................................................ 1-3 Chart 1.1-2 Precipitations in Indonesia .............................................................................. 1-5 Chart 1.3-1 Indonesia’s Regional Administrative Organizations ........................................ 1-9 Chart 2.1-1 Wallace’s Line ................................................................................................. 2-1 Chart 2.3-1 Ramsar Convention Registered Marshes ......................................................... 2-7 Chart 4.3-1 UNESCO World Heritages .............................................................................. 4-4 Chart 6.3-1 AMDAL Procedure ......................................................................................... 6-6 Chart 7.2-1 Procedures for Land Acquisition for Public Interest Purposes ....................... 7-7 iii List of Tables Table 1.1-1 Overview of Indonesia .................................................................................... 1-1 Table 1.1-2 Temperature in Major Cities（）& Precipitation（mm） ........................... 1-4 Table 1.2-1 Evolution of Environmental Policies (summary) ............................................. 1-6 Table 1.3-1 Ministries and Agencies Relevant to Environmental issues ............................. 1-7 Table 1.5-1Major Aid Organizations ................................................................................. 1-10 Table 2.2-1 Endangered Species in Indonesia .................................................................... 2-2 Table 2.3-1 Categories of Reserves and Definitions ........................................................... 2-3 Table 2.3-2 Breakdown of Reserves under the Jurisdiction of the Ministry of Forestry and Area（2007） .................................................................................................................... 2-3 Table 2.3-3 Breakdown and Area of Reserves under the Jurisdiction of the Ministry of Marine Fishery （2007） ............................................................................................................... 2-4 Table 2.3-4 Categories of Reserves and Permitted & Prohibited Matters ........................... 2-5 Table 2.3-5 Major Forest Functions and Their Respective Area ......................................... 2-9 Table 3.2-1 Competent Agencies and Their Functions ....................................................... 3-2 Table 3.4-1 Categories of Wastes under the Waste Management Act (2008) ...................... 3-4 Table 4.2-1 Gender Profile ................................................................................................. 4-2 Table