The Person at the Crossroads A Philosophical Approach Edited by James Beauregard Rivier University Giusy Gallo University of Calabria, Italy Claudia Stancati University of Calabria, Italy Series in Philosophy Copyright © 2020 by the Authors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world: Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Series in Philosophy Library of Congress Control Number: 2019956379 ISBN: 978-1-62273-888-5 Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. 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Table of contents From the Editors vii Author Biographies ix Introduction xiii Randall Auxier Southern Illinois University Carbondale Part 1 The Personal Dimension: The Thread of History 1 Chapter 1 Augustine of Hippo on the Concept of Person: A Philosophical Analysis 3 Matteo Scozia University of Calabria, Italy Chapter 2 Personal Identity as Political System in David Hume 19 Spartaco Pupo University of Calabria, Italy Chapter 3 The Organic Child: Horace Bushnell’s Methods of Child-Rearing in Nineteenth-Century America and its Implications for an Organic Anthropology (Personhood) 35 Elisabeth M. Yang Rutgers University Chapter 4 The Anonymous and the Personal Body in Merleau-Ponty 57 Marc Djaballah Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada Chapter 5 Epistemology and/or Person? Some Historico-Critical Considerations 69 Carlo Vinti University of Perugia, Italy Chapter 6 Reconstruction of the Self. Based on the Theory of Michael Polanyi 81 Endre J. Nagy Semmelweis University, Hungary Chapter 7 Why Personalism Needs the ‘Dismal Science’ 97 R.T. Allen Independent Scholar Chapter 8 Humanity (Ren) and Relations in Confucianism and Christian Personalism 113 Yong Lu Cardinal Stefan Wyszy ński University in Warsaw, Poland Part 2 Perspectives on Persons 147 Chapter 9 The Person as an Emergent Reality. Some Critical Remarks 149 Grzegorz Holub Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Poland Chapter 10 Forgetting and Remembering Ourselves: Techn ē, Metaphor and the Unity of Persons 163 James Beauregard Rivier University Chapter 11 Beyond Universality: Shaping One’s Own Agency 187 Xiaoxi Wu Southeast University, China Chapter 12 Critical Moral Attention and its Role in Forming a ‘Beloved Community’ 207 Carol J. Moeller Moravian College in Bethlehem, PA Chapter 13 The Good Fortune to be Persons Besides Individuals: The Impact of Exemplars, Leaders and Models over Individuality 227 Bianca Bellini Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy Chapter 14 Bodily Self-Determination and the Limits of Being One-Self 255 Peter Reynaert University of Antwerp, Belgium Chapter 15 The Person and Her Pathologies: A Kantian View of Depression and Suicide 269 Laura J. Mueller Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota Index 291 From the Editors This book flows from the International Conference on Persons held at the University of Calabria, Italy, in 2017. The ICP itself grew out of conversations between philosophers Thomas O. Buford and Charles Conti as a way to provide a forum for discussion and interaction among scholars interested in the personalist philosophical tradition. The first International Conference on Persons was held at Mansfield College, Oxford, in the summer of 1989. Since then, the conference has met biannually: 1989 Mansfield College, Oxford 1993 St Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana 1995 Oriel College, Oxford 1997 Charles University, Prague 1999 St John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico 2001 Gaming, Austria 2003 University of Memphis, Tennessee 2005 Cardinal Stefan Wyszy ński University, Warsaw 2007 Asheville, North Carolina 2009 University of Nottingham 2011 Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 2013 Lund University, Sweden 2015 Boston University, USA 2017 University of Calabria, Italy The editors would like to extend their heartfelt thanks first to the individual authors who have contributed chapters to this book. We are also grateful to Randall Auxier, who wrote the introduction. Last, but certainly not least, our thanks go to the good people at Vernon Press who have brought this book into the world, Argiris Legatos, Carolina Sanchez and Javier Rodriguez. James Beauregard Rivier University, USA Giusy Gallo University of Calabria, Italy Claudia Stancati University of Calabria, Italy Author Biographies R.T. Allen read philosophy at Nottingham University and later earned a Ph.D from King’s College, University of London, with a thesis, later published, on Polanyi’s philosophy and Christian Theism. He has also published Beyond Liberalism: The Political Thought of F.A. Hayek and Michael Polanyi , and many other articles, and has made several contributions to collections on Polanyi. He has also edited Science, Economics and Philosophy: Selected Articles by Michael Polanyi , and co-edited Emotion, Reason and Tradition: Essays on the Social, Political and Economic Thought of Michael Polanyi . He founded Appraisal, now the journal of the British Personalist Forum. Randall Auxier is Professor of Philosophy and Communication Studies at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Along with many articles and reviews, he is author of Metaphysical Graffiti (2017) and Time, Will, and Purpose (2013), and co-author of The Quantum of Explanation (2017). He was primary editor of eight volumes of the Library of Living Philosophers and numerous other books; he edited the journal The Personalist Forum and re-made it into The Pluralist (now the official journal of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy); he is deputy chief editor of Eidos: A Journal of the Philosophy of Culture . He is co-founder of the American Institute of Philosophical and Cultural Thought (www.americanphilosophy.net) and was the Green Party candidate for US Congress, Illinois District 12 in 2018. James Beauregard is a Lecturer in the psychology doctoral program at Rivier University, Nashua, New Hampshire, USA, where he teaches Neuropsychology, Biological Bases of Behavior, Psychology Health Care Ethics and Aging. His research interests are in the fields of bioethics, neuroethics, and personalist philosophy, including the intersection of these two areas as they impact our understandings of personhood. He is a member of the Spanish Personalist Association, and is on the board of directors of the International Conference on Persons. Bianca Bellini obtained her Ph.D in 2018 from Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (Milan), where she graduated with a bachelor ’s degree focused on the link between phenomenology and self-knowledge and a master’s degree focused on the link between phenomenology and literature. During her Ph.D, her interest in literature has led her to approach the topic of imagination, whereas her interest in individuality has led her to approach the topic of self-shaping: these interests flowed together into a project that aimed to argue for the role of imaginative experiences in the process of self-shaping. Specifically, she argued that fantasy is a x Author Biographies fundamental force that nourishes self-shaping and that such a force goes along with two other forces that constitute pivotal keystones of the same process, namely exemplariness and repentance. This research project relied on Scheler’s stance on individuality and Husserl’s stance on fantasy. Her participation in international conferences has enabled her to develop the main theses underlying this project, and a research period at the Husserl Archives in Leuven (2016) enabled her to improve her knowledge of Husserl’s manuscripts. In Leuven, she met the co-tutor of her Ph.D. thesis, Nicolas De Warren, who, along with Roberta De Monticelli, guided her through her doctoral work. Marc Djaballah is Associate Professor of Professor of Philosophy at Université du Québec à Montréal. He is the author of Kant, Foucault, and Forms of Experience (2008). Giusy Gallo is adjunct professor of Philosophy of Language at University of Calabria, Italy. She obtained the National Scientific Qualification to function as associate professor in Philosophy of Language. She has been the managing editor of the journal Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio since 2009. Her main research interest is the concept of practice between language and science in a semiological dimension, and its development in connection to social networks, creativity, and design. Grzegorz Holub is an associate professor of philosophy at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Poland. He is involved in ethics, bioethics and the philosophy of the human person. Among his publications are three books "The Problem of the Person in the Contemporary Bioethics Debates," "The Person in the Labyrinth of Moral Decisions. Bioethics in the