Economic Valuation of Mangroves of the Safata District in Samoa Vina Ram‐Bidesi Malama Siamomua‐Momoemausu Moira Faletutulu 7 April 2014 Report for the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Samoa and IUCN‐Oceania 1 Table of Contents 1. Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... 7 4. Study Terms of Reference ..................................................................................................................... 8 5. Why value mangroves? ......................................................................................................................... 8 6. Samoa – general .................................................................................................................................. 10 7. Mangroves of Samoa .......................................................................................................................... 11 8. Threats to mangroves in Samoa ......................................................................................................... 14 9. Study Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 14 10. Case studies Summaries.................................................................................................................. 18 10.1 Sataoa Village .............................................................................................................................. 18 10.2 Fusi Village .................................................................................................................................. 24 10.3 Fausaga Village ............................................................................................................................ 29 10.4 Sa’anapu Village .......................................................................................................................... 34 10.5 Tafitoala Village ........................................................................................................................... 39 10.6 Hotels and Resorts on the southern coastal of Upolu Island...................................................... 44 11. Assessment of Direct Use of Mangroves and Mangrove Products ................................................. 48 12. Fish productivity .............................................................................................................................. 54 13. Total Direct Use Value of Mangroves in the Safata‐ Sanaapu District ............................................ 58 14. Indirect uses of Mangroves ............................................................................................................. 59 14.1 Carbon Sequestration ................................................................................................................. 59 14.2 Coastal Protection ....................................................................................................................... 62 14.3 Sediment Trap ............................................................................................................................. 65 14.4 Water purification and waste assimilation ................................................................................. 66 15. Existence Values and other benefits of mangroves ....................................................................... 68 16. Total Economic Value of Mangroves in Safata District ................................................................... 71 17. Preliminary Cost and Benefit Analysis ............................................................................................ 73 18. Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................................ 76 19. References ...................................................................................................................................... 78 2 20. Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 82 20.1 Questionnaires – English and Samoan Translation ..................................................................... 82 List of Tables Table 1: Typical Ecosystem Services provided by Mangroves ...................................................................... 9 Table 2: List of commonly found fish species dependent or associated with mangroves in Samoa .......... 13 Table 3: No of households and sample size of case study ‐villages ............................................................ 18 Table 4: Summary of Annual Direct use of Mangroves in Sataoa Village Fishery ...................................... 21 Table 5: Value of type of Fishery Associated with Mangroves in Sataoa Village ........................................ 22 Table 6: Direct Use of mangrove products in Sataoa Village ..................................................................... 23 Table 7: Summary of Annual Use of Mangroves in Fusi Village Fishery ..................................................... 27 Table 8: Replacement Value of Type of Fishery associated with Mangroves in Fusi Village ...................... 27 Table 9: Direct of Mangrove Products in Fusi Village ................................................................................. 28 Table 10: Summary of Annual Direct Use of Mangroves in Fausaga Village Fishery .................................. 32 Table 11: Value of type of Fishery associated with mangroves in Fausaga Village .................................... 32 Table 12: Direct Use of Mangrove products in Fausaga Village ................................................................. 33 Table 13: Summary of Annual Direct Use of Mangroves in Sa’anapu Village Fishery ................................ 37 Table 14: Value of type of Fishery associated with Mangroves in Sa’anapu Village .................................. 37 Table 15: Direct Use of Mangrove products in Sa’anapu Village ................................................................ 38 Table 16: Summary of Annual Direct Use of Mangroves in Tafitoala Village Fishery ................................. 42 Table 17: Value by type of Fishery associated with Mangroves in Tafitoala Village .................................. 43 Table 18: Direct Use of mangrove Products in Tafitoala Village ................................................................. 43 Table 19: Resorts on the Southern Coast of Upolu Island within and adjacent to Study Area .................. 47 Table 20: Annual Average Volume and Value of Fish and Fisheries Products from the surrounding Mangroves in 5 villages in the Safata District* ........................................................................................... 48 Table 21: Annual Average Volume and Value of Fish and Fisheries Products from the surrounding Mangroves in 5 Villages in the Safata District ++ ........................................................................................ 50 Table 22: Annual Average Volume and Value of Fish and Fisheries Products from the surrounding Mangroves in the Safata District ................................................................................................................. 50 Table 23: Annual Average Volume and Value of Fish and Fisheries Products from the surrounding Mangroves in the Safata District++ ............................................................................................................. 52 Table 24: Average Annual Estimated Direct Use Value of Mangrove products in the Safata District ........ 53 Table 25: Average Cost of Fishing Operations in the five Villages of the Safata Districts by Fishers owning canoes ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Table 26: Average Cost of Fishing Operations in the Five Villages of the Safata District by Fishers “without” Canoes ........................................................................................................................................ 56 Table 27: Net factor Income Value from Fishing in the Five Villages of the Safata District by Fishers ...... 57 3 Table 28: Net factor Average Income Value from Fishing by Fishers in the Safata District ....................... 57 Table 29: Summary of Direct Use Values of Mangroves in the Safata District (ST$) .................................. 59 Table 30: Present Value of Gross benefits in ST$ (millions) from Mangroves of the Safata District using different Discount Rates ............................................................................................................................. 74 Table 31: Present value of Gross Benefits (in ST$ millions) from mangroves of the Safata District using different Discount Rate over 13 Years with a 4% annual harvest of Mangroves ....................................... 75 Table 32: Value of Gross benefits (ST$ Millions) from mangroves of the Safata District at different periods with NO Direct Harvest of Mangroves ..........................................................................................