World War II Benito Mussolini • Organized fascist groups in Italy • King named him Prime Minister in 1922 • He and the Blackshirts outlawed elections and established a dictatorship Italy Wants Land Ethiopia Adolf Hitler Timeline for Hitler’s War • 1936 – Germans take the Rhineland, violation of the Treaty of Versailles – Germans join with Italians, and later joined by Japan, to the Axis Powers • 1938 – German troops marched into Austria and annexed it Hitler and Mussolini Hitler informs jubilant Nazi deputies in the Reichstag that Germany has annexed Austria, 1938 The Munich Conference • Later in 1938, Hitler demanded the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia full of Germans • Britain & France followed a policy of appeasement • March 1939 – Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia In the Munich Conference, Britain and France a. Told Hitler they would declare war if he invaded Poland. b. Gave in to Hitlers demands for the Sudetenland. c. Allowed Czechoslovakia to become a German protectorate. d. Told Hitler that they would declare war if he invaded Czechoslovakia. Hitler and Neville Chamberlain Nazi-Soviet Pact Germans & Soviets signed an agreement that would come to each other’s aid and share Poland Joseph Stalin America’s Neutrality • Americans wish to remain neutral • Neutrality Act (1935) – prohibited the sale of weapons to warring nations Timeline for Hitler’s War • March 1939 – British & France agree to protect Poland in case of attack • September 1, 1939 – Germany attacks Poland • September 3, 1939 – Britain & France declare war on Germany Blitzkrieg – “Lightning War” • April 1940 – Germans attack Denmark & Norway • May 1940 – German troops marched around the Maginot Line and take Belgium, the Netherlands, and France Maginot Line German Troops March Into Paris During the 1930s, Hitler, Mussolini, and the military leaders of Japan a. Organized the League of Nations. b. Began invading neighboring lands. c. Bolstered national pride by calling for free elections. d. Had a monopoly on world trade. Two causes of the rise of dictatorships after World War I were: a. New political ideas and economic depression. b. The Versailles treaty and economic depression. c. New political ideas and lack of strong leadership after the war. d. The Versailles treaty and lack of strong leadership after the war. During the early years of World War II, the United States a. Tried to remain neutral while supplying weapons to Britain and France. b. Organized several peace talks between the Allies and the Axis powers. c. Sent military and economic aid to all nations at war. d. Stopped trading with all nations at war. June 22, 1940 Paris Was Forced to Surrender • Germany took control of northern France Vichy France-a puppet government in Southern France Hitler’s Trip to Paris The Battle of Britain, aka “The Blitz” • German bombing of England that lasted from September 1940 until May 1941 • British people inspired by Winston Churchill to stand strong against the Germans • Called off by Hitler to begin preparations for the attack of Russia • The United States reacts by offering to trade naval bases in the Caribbean for naval destroyers With these words, American poet Archibald MacLeish honored a journalist famous for his live reports of the Blitz and whose work became the standard for broadcast journalism: “You burned the city of London in our houses and we felt the flames that burned it. You laid the dead of London at our doors and we knew that the dead were our dead.” Who was the journalist? a. Walter Cronkite b. Norman Rockwell c. Edward R. Murrow d. Orson Welles How did the U.S. government respond to the 1940 Battle of Britain? a. By passing stricter neutrality legislation b. By declaring war on Germany c. By approving atomic bomb development d. By trading destroyers for Caribbean naval bases Operation Barbarossa • Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 • In response, the Soviets adopted a scorched-earth policy The siege of Leningrad lasted for a total of 872 days, from September 8, 1941 until January 27, 1944. LEND-LEASE ACT – March 11, 1941 authorized the president to send aid to any nation whose defense was considered vital to America’s national security Hideki Tojo Japanese military officer that became prime minister 1931 - Japan invades Manchuria 1937 – Japan takes much of Eastern China 1940 – Japan advanced into French Indochina & Dutch East Indies 12/7/1941 – Japanese attack Pearl Harbor 12/11/1941 – Germany & Italy Declare war on U.S. **Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere December 7, 1941 Which event was most significant in the U.S. decision to enter World War II? a. The attack on Pearl Harbor b. The news of the Holocaust c. The Red Scare d. The Great Depression Exit Slip 4/7/2016 1. List three things that really interest you about World War II. 2. List two things you would like to know more about. 3. List one big idea from today (a theme or a large concept). Turning Points of the War • El Alamein – Rommel, trapped, surrendered in May 1943 • Invasion of Italy – weakened Hitler by causing him to fight on another front • Battle of Stalingrad – Germans were trapped & forced to surrender early 1943 • Normandy – June 6, 1944, Allies launch an offensive into France (in Paris, 8/25) The D-Day Invasion – Normady, France June 6, 1944 Mussolini and his mistress Battle of the Bulge • Allies advanced and were trapped in Belgium in December 1944 • Marked Hitler’s last success • Germany was being bombed constantly & Hitler was losing support • Late April 1945, Allies & Soviets met at the Elbe River American and Soviet troops make a friendly meeting east of the Elbe River in 1945. V-E Day German Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel surrenders at Soviet headquarters in Berlin, May 7, 1945. War in the Pacific • Battles of the Coral Sea – battle carried out exclusively by aircraft, prevented the invasion of Australia • Midway – weakened Japan’s navy, stopped advance toward Hawaii, & put Japan on the defense • Battle of Guadalcanal – MacArthur, commander; beginning of “island-hopping” campaign • Iwo Jima & Okinawa – major battles that had cost many lives & proved that Japanese would fight to the death Mt. Surabachi Thousands of Men Died to Raise This Flag The combined efforts of Mike Strank of Czechoslovakia, Harlon Block of Texas, Franklin Sousley of Kentucky, Ira Hayes of Arizona, Rene Gagnon of New Hampshire, John Bradley of Wisconsin raised this U. S. flag on the island of Iwo Jima on March 21, 1945. President Harry S. Truman Arguments for and Against the Bomb FOR AGAINST Little Boy Dropped August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima, Japan Fat Man Dropped August 9, 1945 On Nagasaki, Japan August 9, 1945: A U.S. plane drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Nagasaki two days before the bombing Nagasaki three days after the bombing September 2, 1945 Japan signs surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri The Final Solution Herschel Grynszpan killed a German diplomat November 7, 1938 Kristallnacht SS St. Louis War Crimes Trial at Nuremburg Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels Minister Joseph Geobbels Adolf Eichmann Henrich Himmler inspects the camps Execution of Jews in Poland The Camps Major Nazi Death Camps Concentration/ Auschwitz Oswiecim, Poland (near Krakow) 1,100,000 Extermination Belzec Extermination Belzec, Poland 600,000 Bergen-Belsen Concentration near Hanover, Germany 35,000 Chelmno Extermination Chelmno, Poland 320,000 Dachau Concentration Dachau, Germany (near Munich) 32,000 Gross-Rosen Concentration near Wroclaw, Poland 40,000 Koldichevo Concentration Baranovichi, Belarus 22,000 Concentration/ Majdanek Lublin, Poland 360,000 Extermination Mauthausen Concentration Mauthausen, Austria (near Linz) 120,000 Natzweiler/Struthof Concentration Natzweiler, France (near Strasbourg) 12,000 Neuengamme Concentration Hamburg, Germany 56,000 Plaszow Concentration Krakow, Poland 8,000 Sobibor Extermination Sobibor, Poland (near Lublin) 250,000 Stutthof Concentration near Danzig, Poland 65,000 Theresienstadt Concentration Terezin, Czech Republic (near Prague) 33,000 Inside The Barracks Auschwitz Gas Chamber Door The furnace house at Auschwitz Execution of German Guards after liberation Citizens were forced to see the camps What We Found Reviewing remains outside the furnace at Dachau Hair ready for shipment to make clothing One of the shrunken heads at Auschwitz .