Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00662-1 - Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English Kingdoms 757–865 Rory Naismith Index More information INDEX Æ lfsige, thegn, 269 , 270 Æ thelwulf, West Saxon king (839–58), 27 , 42 , Æ lfwald, king of the East Angles (713–49), 84 47 , 53 , 123 , 125 , 141 , 142 , 168 , 196 , 218 Æ thelbald, king of the Mercians (716–57), 9 , 20 , coinage of, 65 , 66 , 84 , 106 , 107–12 , 125 34 , 36 , 54 , 91 decimation of lands, 109 titulature, 80 pilgrimage to Rome (854–6), 109–10 Æ thelbald, West Saxon king (855–60), 109 , Africa, north, 41 , 160 110 , 125 agrarian change, 257–58 Æ thelberht I, king of Kent (d. 616), 58 , 61 , 115 Aiskew hoard (1990s), 214 Æ thelberht II, king of the East Angles (d. 794), Alcuin, 10 , 61 , 76 85 , 117 , 120 , 152 Aldfrith, king of the Northumbrians coinage of, 118–20 (685–704) Æ thelberht, West Saxon king (858–65), 11 , coinage of, 91 , 97 53 , 202 Aldhelm of Malmesbury, 60 coinage of, 61 , 65 , 66 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 115 , 125 , Alfred the Great, king of the Anglo-Saxons 152 , 164 , 182 (871–99), 9 , 11 , 18 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 32 , 36 , Æ thelfl æ d, wife of Ealdorman Æ thelred, 121 61 , 121 , 126 , 129 , 131 , 282 , 295 Æ thelheard, archbishop of Canterbury, 175 coinage of, 165 , 182 Æ thelhere, moneyer, 148 ‘off ering pieces’, 284 Æ thelmod, moneyer, 148 law-code, 267 Æ thelred I, king of the Northumbrians objects associated with, 51–52 (788/9–96), 247 alms and almsgiving, 262 , 282–84 Æ thelred I, West Saxon king (865–71), 11 , 110 , 190 economic impact, 282 ; see also gifts and gift- coinage of, 110 giving ; pauperes Æ thelred II the Unready, king of the English alpha and omega, 70–71 , 73 , 84 ; (978–1016), 195 see also iconography, christian coinage of, 88 Althoff , Gerd, 16 Æ thelred II, king of the Northumbrians Andrew, St, 123 , 128 (840/1–4844–8), 248 Angles, Saxons and Jutes, see ethnic Æ thelred, ealdorman of the Mercians, 121 identity Æ thelred, moneyer, 148 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 9 , 11 , 47 , 235 Æ thelstan, king of the East Angles ( c . 825–45), 139 Anskar, St, 276 , 283 coinage of, 85 , 164 , 191 anthropology, 25 Æ thelstan, king of the English (924/5–39), 50 , Aosta, Italy, 250 51 , 131 , 142 , 209 Aquitaine, 17 , 121 Æ thelwald, moneyer, 194 Arabian peninsula, 160 Æ thelweald, bishop of Dunwich, 70 Arichis II, prince of Benevento, 13 Æ thelweard, king of the East Angles ( c . 845–55), Aristotle, 252 140 Asser, 9 , 23 , 24 , 51 , 110 , 125 coinage of, 164 autarky, 288 340 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00662-1 - Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English Kingdoms 757–865 Rory Naismith Index More information Index Babba, moneyer, 223 brooches, nummular, 49 ; see also metalwork Baldred, king of Kent ( c . 823–5), 125 Buckinghamshire, 219 coinage of, 69 , 83 Bugga, nun, 261 , 266 Bardney, Lincolnshire, 61 Burgred, king of the Mercians (852–74), 11 barter, 264 , 274 , 288 , 290 coinage of, 165 , 179 , 190 , 192 regulation of, 290 Burrow Hill, Suff olk, 289 Bath, 115 Byzantine empire, 55 , 69 , 246 Bavaria, 17 coinage of, 68 , 90 , 181 , 285 Beaduheard, reeve, 35 Italian exarchate, 249 Beagmund, moneyer, 148 mints, 144 Bede, 6 , 23 , 47 , 55 , 61 , 263 source of silver, 159 , 160 Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum , 61 Bedfordshire, 219 caliphate, 90 , 98 , 166 , 246 , 285 Belgium, 245 conquest of, 254 Benevento, principality of, 250 source of silver, 159 Beonna, king of the East Angles ( c . 749–60), Callata ÿ , Fran ç ois de, 186 6 , 97 Campbell, James, 87 coinage of, 99 , 158 , 161 , 174 Canterbury, 35 , 77 , 78 , 115 , 116 , 204 , 236 , 237–38 , Beorhtric, West Saxon king (786–802), 35 , 240 , 268 , 272 , 283 117 , 120 archbishopric of, 7 , 62 , 68 , 77 , 121–23 , 128 , coinage of, 70 , 103 , 106 , 120 , 149 , 192 , 219 134 , 197 , 223 , 284 Beornmod, bishop of Rochester, 123 coinage of, 54 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 77 , Beornwulf, king of the Mercians (823–5), 82 , 95 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 109 , 114 , 107 , 125 118 , 140 , 165 , 173 , 178–80 , 187 , 190–91 , coinage of, 191 , 192 211 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 223 , Beornwulf, moneyer, 149 224 , 228 Beowulf , 24 , 262 mint and moneyers of, 7 , 63 , 64 , 78 , 100 , 102 , portrayal of gift-giving, 260–61 103 , 104 , 110 , 124 , 125 , 128 , 131 , 134 , 139 , Berhtwulf, king of the Mercians (840–52), 141 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 146 , 148 , 150 , 153 , 154 , 171 , 192 , 197 194 , 195 , 196 , 197–98 , 214 , 216 , 219 , 223 , coinage of, 83 , 141–42 , 188 , 190 , 192 , 228 230 , 237 Bertha, Frankish princess, 61 capitularies, 15 , 43 , 90 , 145 , 244 ; see also law Bexley, Kent, 116 Carolingian kingdom and empire, 7 , 17 , 28 , 31 , Biblioth é que Nationale, Paris, 174 , 176 36 , 40 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 79 , 86 , 87 , 97 , 168 , 238 , Bidford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, 220 241 , 254 , 262 , 277 , 287 , 288 , 294–95 Biebrich hoard (1921), 208 coinage of, 204 , 233 , 250 bird and branch, motif, 92 mints, 145 , 154 Birka, Sweden, 276 , 283 renaissance, 254 Blackburn, Mark, 114 , 194 silver supply, 161 Bloch, Maurice, 275 urbanization, 236 Boethius, Old English version of De consolatione Catla, Swedish almsgiver, 276 , 283 philosophiae of, 23 central places, 259 Boniface, St, 261 , 266 Ceolbald, moneyer, 146 Bourdieu, Pierre, 23 Ceolfrith, abbot, 263 brass, 162–63 , 247 Ceolheard, moneyer, 146 brassage, 43 ; see also mints and minting, profi ts Ceolmund, praefectus , 146 of ; seigniorage Ceolnoth, archbishop of Canterbury, Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire, 57 69 , 149 Brescia, 249 coinage of, 67 , 69 , 73 , 164 bretwalda , 80 ; see also imperium and imperial Ceolwulf I, king of the Mercians (821–3), 20 , ideas of rule ; titulature 53 , 123 , 140 , 153–54 Brid, moneyer, 141 coinage of, 64 , 65 , 66 , 75 , 78 , 83 , 104–06 , Britain, pre-Roman, 285 128 , 191 British Museum, 116 , 174 , 176 Ceolwulf II, king of the Mercians (874–9) British Numismatic Society, 1 coinage of, 165 Brittany, 17 Chalcedon, Council of (451), 58 341 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00662-1 - Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English Kingdoms 757–865 Rory Naismith Index More information Index Charlemagne, Frankish king and emperor, coinage of, 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 75 , 77 , 102 , 104 , 120 , 13–14 , 15 , 17 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 36–37 , 59 , 76 , 124–25 , 140 , 151 , 152 , 191 116 , 121 , 156 , 204 , 254 , 287 , 289 gold, 114–16 , 117 , 128 coinage of, 54 , 65 , 116 , 162 , 171 , 249 titulature of, 82–83 metrology, 175–78 Coin Hoards , 199 Charles the Bald, West Frankish king and Coin Register , 199 emperor, 40 , 51 , 109 , 209 coinage coinage of, 165 , 171 , 181 base-metal, 39 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 285 , 286–87 , 289 charters, 2 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 21–22 , 49 , 73 , 80 , 82 , 83 , control over, 2 , 3 , 27 , 85–86 , 87–127 , 142 , 115 , 127 , 149 , 264 , 282 152–53 , 154–55 , 170 , 197–98 , 204 , 229 , ambiguity of transactions, 269–71 251 , 291 , 295 Canterbury, 237 defi nition of control, 88–89 Carolingian, 270 establishment of control, 96–100 coinage and, 267–73 exportation, 233–34 ‘decimation’, 109 foreign (in England), 155 moneyers in, 147–49 gold, 8 , 39–40 , 47 , 156 , 157 , 244 , 249 , 250 , 253 , precious metal references, 271–72 255 , 263 , 264 , 284 , 285 , 286 , 287 production of, 80 ; see also land ; titulature Anglo-Saxon, 4–5 , 53 , 67 , 112–17 , 143–44 , Chayanov, Alexander, 288 203 , 256 , 267 , 285 Chester, 121 Arabic, 113–14 Chick, Derek, 172 Byzantine, 266 China, 270 Carolingian, 116 , 249 , 272 Chindaswinth, Visigothic king, 81 Coenwulf mancus, 114–16 , 128 , 191 Chiseldon, Wiltshire, 220 Lombard, 13–14 Christianity and Christian teaching, 16–17 , 85 Merovingian, 5 , 37 , 39–40 , 256 christogram, 73 ; see also iconography, christian Off a dinar, 113–14 Church councils, 197 ; see also synods prevalence in charters, 272–73 Chwartz, coin collection, 174 , 176 Roman, 202 , 266 circulation, coin, 89 , 203–32 , 243 , 252 , 259 , 293 tremissis , 286 and elites, 251 manipulation, 157 Canterbury, 213–14 , 215 , 219 , 223 reforms in 740s-70s, 98–100 East Anglia, 230–31 silver, 39 , 41 , 156 , 160 , 244 , 246 , 249 , 255 , 256 , ecclesiastical, 223–24 264 , 285 , 286 , 287 eff ects of debasement, 165–66 Carolingian, 65 , 86 , 163 , 165 , 168 , 195 , 204 , foreign within southern England, 204–09 , 226 228 , 249 , 294–95 Carolingian, 205–07 Merovingian, 5 , 144 , 161 Northumbrian, 207–08 symbolic importance of, 39–40 , 45–46 , gold, 256 , 272–73 47–50 , 114 , 116 , 117–21 , 229 , 256 , 294 in Carolingian empire, 228 , 244–46 terminology, 264–67 , 271–72 infl uence of moneyers, 220–23 ambiguity, 266–67 Inscribed Cross, 225 argenteus , 272 Ipswich, 211–13 mancus, 113–14 , 266 , 272 kings and, 218–20 obolus , 264–65 , 289 London, 214–16 sceat , 265 , 267 Northumbria, 247–48 shekel, 264–65 , 272 , 278 regions, 202 solidus/scilling , 265 , 267 , 268 , 272 , 286 Rochester, 216 use of, 37–39 , 168 , 224–29 , 232–33 , 236 , social and administrative infl uences, 218–24 243–44 , 252–92 , 293 Southampton/Winchester, 216–18 biblical, 281–82 southern coins within Northumbria, 210 decline c . 830 , 226–28 , 232–33 , 234 , unifi ed across Southumbria, 204 , 229 ; 236 , 239 see also monetization ; trade and exchange gold, 114 , 289 Coenweald, moneyer, 148 Northumbria, 247 Coenwulf, king of the Mercians (796–821), 9 , peasants, 276–84 , 288 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 47 , 51 , 53 , 117 , 140 , 141 , small change, 284–90 ; see also money ;