Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 336 Jordi Cat Adam Tamas Tuboly Editors Neurath Reconsidered New Sources and Perspectives Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science Volume 336 Editors Alisa Bokulich, Boston University Jürgen Renn, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Michela Massimi, University of Edinburgh Managing Editor Lindy Divarci, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Editorial Board Theodore Arabatzis, University of Athens Heather E. Douglas, University of Waterloo Jean Gayon, Université Paris 1 Thomas F. Glick, Boston University Hubert Goenner, University of Goettingen John Heilbron, University of California, Berkeley Diana Kormos-Buchwald, California Institute of Technology Christoph Lehner, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Peter McLaughlin, Universität Heidelberg Agustı Nieto-Galan, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Nuccio Ordine, Universitá della Calabria Sylvan S. Schweber, Harvard University Ana Simões, Universidade de Lisboa John J. Stachel, Boston University Baichun Zhang, Chinese Academy of Science The series Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science was conceived in the broadest framework of interdisciplinary and international concerns. Natural scientists, mathematicians, social scientists and philosophers have contributed to the series, as have historians and sociologists of science, linguists, psychologists, physicians, and literary critics. The series has been able to include works by authors from many other countries around the world. The editors believe that the history and philosophy of science should itself be scientific, self-consciously critical, humane as well as rational, sceptical and undogmatic while also receptive to discussion of first principles. One of the aims of Boston Studies, therefore, is to develop collaboration among scientists, historians and philosophers. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science looks into and reflects on interactions between epistemological and historical dimensions in an effort to understand the scientific enterprise from every viewpoint. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5710 Jordi Cat • Adam Tamas Tuboly Editors Neurath Reconsidered New Sources and Perspectives Editors Jordi Cat Adam Tamas Tuboly Department of History and Philosophy of Institute of Philosophy Science and Medicine Hungarian Academy of Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Budapest, Hungary Bloomington, IN, USA ISSN 0068-0346 ISSN 2214-7942 (electronic) Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science ISBN 978-3-030-02127-6 ISBN 978-3-030-02128-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02128-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964942 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. 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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents 1 Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Jordi Cat and Adam Tamas Tuboly Part I Otto Neurath: Life and Work 2 A Viennese Library in Exile: Otto Neurath and the Heritage of Central European Culture in the Anglo-Saxon World . 23 Friedrich Stadler 3 Otto Neurath: The Philosopher in the Cave ������������������������������������������ 45 Don Howard 4 Science and Socialism: Otto Neurath as a Political Writer (1919–1932) ������������������������������������������������������������ 67 Günther Sandner 5 United by Action: Neurath in England �������������������������������������������������� 89 Adam Tamas Tuboly Part II Science, Society, and Method 6 Visualizing Relations in Society and Economics: Otto Neurath’s Isotype- Method Against the Background of his Economic Thought . 117 Elisabeth Nemeth 7 Traveling Exhibitions in the Field: Settlements, War-Economy, and the Collaborative Practice of Seeing, 1919–1925 . 141 Sophie Hochhäusl 8 Generating Cognitive Tools: Neurath’s Educational Ideal and the Concept of ISOTYPE . 177 Angélique Groß v vi Contents 9 Rationality and Pseudo-Rationality in Political Economy: Neurath, Mises, Weber ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 197 Thomas Uebel 10 Neurath’s Theory of Theory Classification: History, Optics & Epistemology . 217 Gábor Á. Zemplén Part III Logic and Semantics 11 Neurath and the Legacy of Algebraic Logic ������������������������������������������ 241 Jordi Cat 12 Neurath and Carnap on Semantics �������������������������������������������������������� 339 A. W. Carus 13 Rejecting Semantic Truth: On the Significance of Neurath’s Syntacticism . 363 Derek Anderson Part IV Context and Influence 14 What a Difference a Decade Makes: The Planning Debates and the Fate of the Unity of Science Movement ������������������������������������ 385 George A. Reisch 15 Of Tennis Courts and Fireplaces: Neurath’s Internment on the Isle of Man and his Politics of Design . 413 Michelle Henning 16 Does Understanding Mean Forgiveness? Otto Neurath and Plato’s “Republic” in 1944–45 . 435 Antonia Soulez 17 Thinking About the “Common Reader:” Otto Neurath, L. Susan Stebbing and the (Modern) Picture-Text Style ���������������������� 451 Silke Körber 18 Logical Empiricism and Art: The Correspondence Otto Neurath/Meyer Schapiro ���������������������������������������������������������������� 471 Hans-Joachim Dahms Appendices �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 489 References . 687 Index ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 695 About the Editors and Contributors Editors Jordi Cat Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA Adam Tamas Tuboly Institute of Philosophy, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Contributors Derek Anderson Philosophy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA A. W. Carus Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany Jordi Cat Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA Hans-Joachim Dahms Institute Vienna Circle, Vienna, Austria Angélique Groß Adult Education Centre, Lebach, Germany Michelle Henning London School of Film, Media and Design, University of West London, London, UK Sophie Hochhäusl University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Radcliffe Institute of Advanced Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Don Howard Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA vii viii About the Editors and Contributors Silke Körber Institute of Philosophy, Doctoral Candidate, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Elisabeth Nemeth Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria George A. Reisch Chicago, IL, USA Günther Sandner Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Antonia Soulez Université de Paris VIII, Paris, France Friedrich Stadler Vienna Circle Institute, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Adam Tamas Tuboly Institute of Philosophy, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Thomas Uebel Philosophy, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Gábor Á. Zemplén Department of Argumentation and Marketing Research, Institute of Business Economics, Eötvös University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary Morals and Science Research Group (MTA Lendület), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Budapest, Hungary List of Figures Fig. 6.1 Methods of Visualization .............................................................. 128 Fig. 6.2 Unemployed in Berlin .................................................................. 129 Fig. 6.3 Latin America’s main products of export ..................................... 132 Fig. 6.4 Automobile industry ..................................................................... 133 Fig. 6.5 Symbols ........................................................................................ 134 Fig. 6.6 Public signs (the one with the cars) .............................................