SCC Court File No. 37574 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO) BETWEEN: VICE MEDIA CANADA INC. and BEN MAKUCH Appellants - and - HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN THE RIGHT OF CANADA Respondent - and - ABORIGINAL PEOPLES TELEVISION NETWORK, AD IDEM/CANADIAN MEDIA LAWYERS ASSOCIATION, CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF JOURNALISTS, CANADIAN JOURNALISTS FOR FREE EXPRESSION, CANADIAN MEDIA GUILD/COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA CANADA, CENTRE FOR FREE EXPRESSION, GLOBAL NEWS, A DIVISION OF CORUS TELEVISION LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, POSTMEDIA NETWORK INC., CANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION / RADIO CANADA, THE CANADIAN MUSLIM LAWYERS ASSOCIATION, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO, CANADIAN CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION, THE MEDIAL LEGAL DEFENCE INITIATIVE, REPORTERS WITHOUT BORDERS, REPORTERS COMMITTEE FOR FREEDOM OF THE PRESS, THE MEDIA LAW RESOURCE CENTRE, THE INTERNATIONAL PRESS INSTITUTE, ARTICLE 19, PEN INTERNATIONAL, PEN CANADA, INDEX ON CENSORSHIP, THE COMMITTEE TO PROTECT JOURNALISTS, THE WORLD ASSOCIATION OF NEWSPAPERS AND NEWS PUBLISHERS, THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF LAW, AND THE BRITISH COLUMBIA CIVIL LIBERTIES ASSOCIATION Interveners FACTUM OF THE INTERVENERS, ABORIGINAL PEOPLES TELEVISION NETWORK, AD IDEM/CANADIAN MEDIA LAWYERS ASSOCIATION, CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF JOURNALISTS, CANADIAN JOURNALISTS FOR FREE EXPRESSION, CANADIAN MEDIA GUILD/COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA CANADA, CENTRE FOR FREE EXPRESSION, GLOBAL NEWS, A DIVISION OF CORUS TELEVISION LIMITED PARTNERSHIP and POSTMEDIA NETWORK INC. (THE “COALITION”) (Pursuant to Rules 47, 55 and 56 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada) STOCKWOODS LLP POWER LAW TD North Tower, Suite 4130 130 Albert Street 77 King Street West, P.O. Box 140 Suite 1103 Toronto, ON M5K 1H1 Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Justin Safayeni Maxine Vincelette Tel: 416-593-7200 Tel: 613-702-5573 Fax: 416-593-9345 Fax: 1-888-604-2227 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Coalition Agent for the Coalition 2 ORIGINAL TO: THE REGISTRAR Supreme Court of Canada 301 Wellington Street Ottawa, ON K1A 0J1 AND TO: ST. LAWRENCE BARRISTERS LLP CONWAY BAXTER LLP 144 King Street East 400 – 411 Roosevelt Avenue Toronto, ON M5C 1G8 Ottawa, ON K2A 3X9 M. Philip Tunley Colin Baxter Email: [email protected] Tel: 613-288-0149 Fax: 613-688-0271 Jennifer P. Saville Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Agent for the Appellants, Vice Media Tel: 647-245-8284 Canada Inc. and Ben Makuch Fax: 647-245-8285 LINDEN & ASSOCIATES PC Royal Bank Plaza, P.O. Box 10 2010 – 200 Bay Street, North Tower Toronto, ON M5J 2J1 Iain A.C. MacKinnon Tel: 416-861-9338, ext. 231 Fax: 416-861-9973 Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Appellants, Vice Media Canada Inc. and Ben Makuch 3 PUBLIC PROSECUTION SERVICE OF DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC CANADA PROSECUTIONS OF CANADA 3400 – 130 King Street West 160 Elgin Street, 12th Floor Box 36 Ottawa, ON K1A 0H8 Toronto, ON M5K 1K6 Francois Lacasse Croft Michaelson Tel: (613) 957-4770 Email: [email protected] Fax: (613) 941-7865 Email: [email protected] Sarah Shaikh Email: [email protected] Agent for the Respondent, Her Majesty the Queen in the right of Canada Tel: (416) 954-7261 Fax: (416) 973-8253 Lawyers for the Respondent, Her Majesty the Queen in the right of Canada BLAKE, CASSELS & GRAYDON LLP GOWLING WLG (CANADA) LLP 199 Bay Street 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 Suite 4000, Commerce Court West Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Toronto ON M5L 1A9 Jeffrey W. Beedell Paul B. Schabas Tel.: 613-786-0171 Tel: 416-863-4274 Fax: 613-788-3587 Fax: 416-863-2653 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Agent for the Interveners, the International Kaley Pulfer Coalition Tel: 416-863-2756 Fax: 416-863-2653 Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Interveners, the International Coalition 4 BERSENAS JACBSON CHOUEST GOLDBLATT PARTNERS THOMSON BLACKBURN LLP 500 – 30 Metcalfe Street Barristers, Solicitors Ottawa, ON K1P 5L4 33 Yonge Street, Suite 201 Toronto, ON M5E 1G4 Colleen Bauman Tel: 613-482-2450 Tae Mee Park Fax: 613-235-3041 Tel: 416-982-3813 Email: [email protected] Fax: 416-982-3801 Email: [email protected] Agent for the Intervener, The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association Andrew W. MacDonald Tel: 416-982-3830 Fax: 416-982-3801 Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Intervener, The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association LERNERS LLP GOWLING WLG (CANADA) LLP 130 Adelaide Street West, Suite 2400 2600 – 160 Elgin Street Toronto, ON M5H 3P5 Box 466, Station “D” Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Brian Radnoff Tel: 416-601-2387 Jeff Beedell Fax: 416-867-2412 Tel: 613-786-0171 Email: [email protected] Fax: 613-788-3587 Email: [email protected] Rebecca F. Shoom Tel: 416-601-2382 Agent for the Intervener, the Canadian Fax: 416-867-4185 Civil Liberties Association Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Intervener, the Canadian Civil Liberties Association 5 CANADIAN BROADCASTING GOWLING WLG (CANADA) LLP CORPORATION 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 250 Front Street West Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Toronto, ON M5V 3G7 Guy Régimbald Sean Moreman Tel: 613-786—0197 Tel: 416-205-6494 Fax: 613-788-3559 Fax: 416-205-2723 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Agent for the Intervener, the Canadian Katarina Germani Broadcasting Corporation Tel: 416-205-2301 Fax: 416-205-2723 Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Intervener, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation MIRZA KWOK DEFENCE LAWYERS HAMEED LAW 55 Village Centre Place, #301 43 Florence Street Mississauga, ON L4Z 1V9 Ottawa, ON K2P 0W6 Faisal Mirza Yavar Hameed Tel.: 905-897-5600 Tel.: 613-232-2688 Ext: 200 Fax: 905-897-5657 Fax: 613-232-2680 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Intervener, the Canadian Agent for the Intervener, the Canadian Muslim Lawyers Association Muslim Lawyers Association MINISTRY OF THE ATTORNEY BORDEN LADNER GERVAIS LLP GENERAL World Exchange Plaza Crown Law Office – Criminal 100 Queen Street, Suite 1300 720 Bay Street, 10th Floor Ottawa, ON K1P 1J9 Toronto, ON M7A 2S9 Susan Magotiaux Nadia Effendi Tel: 416-326-5238 Tel: 613-237-5160 Fax: 416-326-4656 Fax: 613-230-8842 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Lawyers for the Intervener, the Attorney Agent for the Intervener, the Attorney General of Ontario General of Ontario i TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I - OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................1 PART II - QUESTIONS IN ISSUE .................................................................................................2 PART III - STATEMENT OF ARGUMENT .................................................................................2 A. Media’s right to privacy should be the focus of the balancing analysis ...........................2 i. Focus on privacy provides analytical clarity .................................................................... 3 ii. Focus on privacy is a more principled approach .............................................................. 4 B. Assessing the intrusion on the media’s privacy interests.....................................................6 i. Whether the material sought relates to journalist-source communications...................... 7 ii. Whether the material sought has been published ............................................................. 8 C. Assessing the state’s countervailing interests ......................................................................9 PART IV - SUBMISSIONS ON COSTS ......................................................................................10 PART V - ORDER SOUGHT .......................................................................................................10 PART VI - TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ......................................................................................11 PART VII - STATUTORY PROVISIONS ...................................................................................12 PART I - OVERVIEW 1. The Aboriginal Peoples Television Network, the Canadian Association of Journalists, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, the Centre for Free Expression, the Canadian Media Lawyers’ Association, the Communications Workers of America Canada, Global News, a Division of Corus Television Limited Partnership and Postmedia Network Inc. (together, the “Coalition”) intervenes in this appeal to argue that the common law test for granting orders compelling the media to produce documents or information (“Media Orders”) must be clarified and, if necessary, recalibrated in a manner that offers robust protection for the news-gathering rights recognized under section 2(b) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (“Charter”). 2. More than 25 years ago, in Lessard, this Court recognized that “special concerns” arise where the state seeks to compel production of material in the hands of the media, and called on courts to exercise “careful consideration” before authorizing such conduct.1 In particular, this Court directed authorizing justices to “ensure that a balance is struck between the competing interests of the state in the investigation and prosecution of crimes and the right to privacy of the media in the course of their news gathering and news dissemination” (emphasis added).2 3. Like the Appellants, the Coalition submits that the “balance” envisioned by this Court has not been borne out in practice,