Environmental Scan Report Grampians Region Environmental Scan Report: Grampians Region Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Structure of document ..................................................................................................................................... 5 4. Environmental scan process .......................................................................................................................... 6 5. Regional Context .............................................................................................................................................. 6 6. Natural Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 9 6.1 Climate .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 6.1.1 Average Temperatures ..................................................................................................................................... 10 6.1.2 Rainfall .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 6.1.3 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................................ 16 6.2 Land Use .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 6.3 Bushfire Risk .................................................................................................................................................... 20 6.3.1 Bushfire prone areas ........................................................................................................................................ 21 6.4 Waterways ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 6.4.1 Floods ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 6.5 Geology ............................................................................................................................................................ 29 7. Built Environment ........................................................................................................................................... 35 7.1 Information and telecommunications ................................................................................................................ 35 7.2 Energy .............................................................................................................................................................. 36 7.2.1 Energy distribution ............................................................................................................................................ 36 7.2.2 Electricity .......................................................................................................................................................... 38 7.2.3 Solar and Wind ................................................................................................................................................. 39 7.2.4 Gas ................................................................................................................................................................... 40 7.2.5 Liquid fuels ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 7.3 Food, grocery and manufacturing .................................................................................................................... 42 7.3.1 Food supply chain ............................................................................................................................................ 43 7.4 Transport .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 7.4.1 Transport infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 45 7.4.2 Roads ............................................................................................................................................................... 45 7.4.3 Rail .................................................................................................................................................................... 54 7.4.4 Air ..................................................................................................................................................................... 56 7.5 Water and Wastewater ..................................................................................................................................... 56 7.5.1 Water ................................................................................................................................................................ 57 7.5.2 Emergency water supply points ....................................................................................................................... 61 7.5.3 Wastewater ....................................................................................................................................................... 61 7.6 Waste and recycling ......................................................................................................................................... 63 7.6.1 Landfill .............................................................................................................................................................. 63 Page 2 of 122 Date: 14 September 2020 FINAL 2.0 Public Version Environmental Scan Report: Grampians Region 7.6.2 Recycling .......................................................................................................................................................... 65 7.7 Government services ........................................................................................................................................ 65 7.7.1 Prisons and community correctional facilities................................................................................................... 65 7.7.2 Law courts ........................................................................................................................................................ 66 7.8 Emergency services ......................................................................................................................................... 66 7.8.1 Ambulance ........................................................................................................................................................ 67 7.8.2 Police ................................................................................................................................................................ 68 7.8.3 Fire stations, lookouts and refuges .................................................................................................................. 69 7.8.4 SES ................................................................................................................................................................... 72 7.8.5 Emergency Coordination Facilities ................................................................................................................... 73 7.9 Other infrastructure assets and industries ........................................................................................................ 75 7.9.1 Infrastructure and industries ............................................................................................................................. 75 7.9.2 Dependencies ................................................................................................................................................... 76 7.9.3 Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................................................................... 76 7.9.4 Cladding fire safety risk .................................................................................................................................... 78 8. Social Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 79 8.1 Population ......................................................................................................................................................... 79 8.1.1 Current population ............................................................................................................................................ 79 8.1.2 Population forecast ..........................................................................................................................................