2012 FATA Disaster Management Plan2012 72 E, Main Abdara Road.. University Town Peshawar www.fdma.gov.pk +92 91 9216336 FATA Disaster Management Plan 2012 Page 1 Vision: To make communities of FATA disaster resilient and establish robust coping mechanism with a view to equip FDMA and line directorates of FATA Secretariat with the knowledge, tools and capacity to minimize impact of disaster in FATA Mission: The mission of this plan is: ‘provide strategy to effectively respond to disasters in FATA where stakeholders can contribute in all phases of emergency’. Objectives of DRM Plan: Objectives of the plan are: - Effective functioning mechanisms in place to respond to natural and human induced disasters. - Mainstream DRR at institutions level for current and future developmental projects - Involve communities and relevant stakeholders in planning and implementation of DM plan while taking into account gender considerations FATA Disaster Management Plan 2012 Page 2 CHAPTER 1 1. Profile of FATA and Frontier Regions (FR) 1.1. Geography: Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) consists of 07 agencies which are sub divided in 43 tehsils and 6 FRs (Frontier Regions). FATA approximately has 3,000 rural villages with a population of three million people located on the country's northwestern border with Afghanistan. FATA is the most underdeveloped region in Pakistan with 60 percent of its population living below the national poverty line. Most of the FATA region is mountainous and shares a 373-mile border with Afghanistan known as the PAK AFGHAN (Durand Line) border. Historically FATA was used as a buffer zone between British India and Kingdom of Afghanistan before partition of Indo-Pak in 1947. FATA is situated between the latitudes of 31° and 35° North, and the longitudes of 69° 15' and 71° 50' East, stretching for maximum length of approximately 450 kilometers and spanning more than 250 kilometers at its widest point (Survey of Pakistan, 1984). FATA is neighbored on the north by the district of Lower Dir in the Khyber Pukthoon Khwa and on the east by the KP districts of Bannu, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Karak, Kohat, Lakki Marwat, Malakand, Nowshera and Peshawar. On the south-east, FATA joins the district of Dera Ghazi Khan in the Punjab province, while the Musa Khel and Zhob districts of Baluchistan are situated to the south. Afghanistan lies on its west (source: global security.org). 1.2. Demography: According to census data from 1998, FATA population is 3.18 million. Annual population growth in between the two census period (1981 to 1998) is calculated to be 2.19 per cent but certain agencies and FRs have different trends, showing a decline during the same period (detail table below). Population density for 1998 stands at 117 persons per square kilometer in FATA as a whole however there is variation in different areas. For example in Dera Ismail Khan FR, the population is thinly scattered with 19 persons per square kilometer, while population density in Bajaur Agency reaches 461 persons per square kilometer (GoKP, 2005a). The average family size in Pakistan is 6.80, in KP it is 8 and in FATA it is 9.3/family which is higher than the rest of the country. A detailed breakdown of male/female ratio and project population is listed in table: Demographic indicators for FATA: Table 1 Indicator Pakistan KP FATA Geographical area (sq km) 796,096 74,521 27,220 Annual population growth, 1981–98 (%) 2.69 2.82 2.19 Average household size (persons) 6.80 8.00 9.30 Urban population (% of total) 32.50 16.87 2.70 FATA Disaster Management Plan 2012 Page 3 Population density (persons per sq km) 166.30 238.10 116.70 1.3. Climate FATA is situated on the edge of two major climatic systems, the Monsoon to the east and the Mediterranean towards the west. Most parts of FATA are arid and semi-arid, with warm summers and cold winters. Although some areas in the Kurrum and Orakzai agencies fall within the humid and sub-humid zone (Dichter, 1967; Khan, 1991). The pattern and character of summer and winter rainfall is intermixed to such an extent that it is difficult to determine which is dominant. According to meteorological data, the area receives more winter precipitation as a result of western disturbances and some rain in the summer from the Monsoon. Annual rainfall in the area varies dramatically from 630 millimeters reported in Kurrum during 2001–02 to just 88 millimeters in neighbouring Khyber Agency during the same year (GoKP, 2005a). However the 2010 monsoon brought an unprecedented weather behavior which resulted increase in rainfall and flash floods in FATA. 1.4. Rivers and Canals The Kurrum River flows north-west to south-east, entering North Waziristan below the town of Thal in the Hangu district of the Khyber Pukthoon Khwa and eventually joining the Indus River. In Orakzai Agency, the Khanki and Mastura streams flow to the east to join the Bara River. The towns of Bara and Khajuri form a plain area from where the Bara River and its tributaries join the Kabul River near Peshawar district. To the north of the Kabul River stand the Mullagori and Shalman hills. The fertile Bara, Khanki, Kurram, Wana and Mastura valleys contain the most extensively cultivated land in FATA (globalsecurity.org) eg Wana is the best and biggest producing apples area in Pakistan. Table 2 Population Annual Area Population density Projected Agency/FR growth rate, (sq km) (total)1998 (persons per Population 2011 1981–98 (%) sq km) FATA 27,220 3,176,331 117 2.19 4284909 Bajaur 1,290 595,227 461 4.33 802868 Khyber 2,576 546,730 212 3.92 737545 Kurram 3,380 448,310 133 2.50 604776 Mohmand 2,296 334,453 146 4.28 451181 North Waziristan 4,707 361,246 77 2.46 487325 Orakzai 1,538 225,441 147 - 2.69 304123 South Waziristan 6,620 429,841 65 1.95 579861 FR Bannu 745 19,593 26 - 6.65 26431 FR Dera Ismail 2,008 38,990 19 - 2.09 52598 Khan FR Kohat 446 88,456 198 2.59 119328 FR Lakki 132 6,987 53 - 4.81 9426 FR Peshawar 261 53,841 206 2.22 72632 FR Tank 1,221 27,216 22 - 0.61 36715 Source: GoKP, 2005a. GoP, 1998b. FATA Disaster Management Plan 2012 Page 4 1.5. Gender comparison of FATA The gender ratio is 108 males to 100 females. The census reporting in FATA is distorted by challenges in gathering accurate data since tribal custom forbids the disclosure of information about women to outsiders. Below table shows population segregated by gender in various agencies and FRs. Table 3 Population by Gender (FATA, 1998) Projected 2011-12 Total Projected Agency/FR Total Male Female Ratio* Population Male Female FATA 3,176,331 1,652,047 1,524,284 108 2228651 2056277 4284928 Bajaur 595,227 305,137 290,090 105 411633 391335 802968 Khyber 546,730 284,602 262,128 109 383932 353614 737546 Kurram 448,310 229,634 218,676 105 309779 294997 604776 Mohmand 334,453 175,404 159,049 110 236622 214559 451181 North 259593 227732 487325 361,246 192,432 168,814 114 Waziristan Orakzai 225,441 112,766 112,675 100 152123 152000 304123 South 311730 268131 579861 429,841 231,080 198,761 116 Waziristan FR Bannu 19,593 10,380 9,213 113 14003 12428 26431 FR D. I. Khan 38,990 20,497 18,493 111 27651 24947 52598 FR Kohat 88,456 45,472 42,984 106 61342 57986 119328 FR Lakki 6,987 3,450 3,537 98 4654 4771 9425 FR Peshawar 53,841 27,063 26,778 101 36508 36124 72632 FR Tank 27,216 14,130 13,086 108 19062 17653 36715 * Number of males per 100 females. 8569837 Source: GoKP, 2005a. 1.6. Comparison of Different Indicators In terms of development FATA lags behind in human development and quality of life indicators (below table). The literacy rate in FATA is 17.42 per cent as recorded in 1998 census, compared to 35.41 per cent in the KP and 43.92 per cent at the national level. Just 3 per cent of females aged 10 years and above are literate in FATA, compared to 18.82 percent in the KP and 32.02 per cent across the country. While 29.51 per cent of males over the age of 10 are literate in FATA, whereas in KP (51.39 per cent) and the national average is (54.81 per cent) by a wide margin. Health care indicators represent one doctor for every 7,670 persons in FATA, as opposed to 4,916 persons/doctor in KP and 1,226 persons/doctor in Pakistan (Source: Govt of KP) FATA Disaster Management Plan 2012 Page 5 Table 4 Positions Allocated Occupied Specialists 66 65 Medical Officer 435 88 Female 48 44 Dental Surgeon 28 96 Nurse 182 87 Lady Health 280 91 Visitors Medical 453 91 Technician Non-Technician 2,232 97 Source: FATA sustainable development plan 2007-15 Table 5 Comparison of selected development indicators in Pakistan, KP and FATA (1998, 2003)* Indicator Pakistan KP FATA Literacy ratio (both gender, %) 43.92 35.41 17.42 Male literacy Ratio (%) 54.81 51.39 29.51 Female literacy Ratio (%) 32.02 18.82 3.00 Population per Doctor 1,226 4,916 7,670 Population per bed in Health Institutions 1,341 1,594 2,179 Roads (per sq km) 0.26 0.13 0.17 * Literacy rates according to 1998 census; all other figures for 2003.