WINGS 2018 WORLD OF INDIA’s GIRLS A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces WINGS 2018 WORLD OF INDIA'S GIRLS A STUDY ON THE PERCEPTION OF GIrls’ safety IN PUBLIC SPACES Save the Children works in 120 countries globally and across 18 states in India for children's rights – To inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children, and to achieve immediate and lasting change in their lives. It is determined to build a world in which every child attains the right to survival, protection, development and participation. We deliver immediate and lasting improvements to children's lives worldwide. Save the Children works for: A world which respects and values each child. A world which listens to children and learns. A world where all children have hope and opportunity. Save the Children, India Plot no 91, Sector 44, Gurugram – 122003, Haryana, India. Telephone: +91 124 4752000 Website: www.savethechildren.in Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/india.savethechildren Twitter: https://twitter.com/stc_india ©2018 Save the Children This publication is protected by copyright. It may be reproduced by any method without fee or prior permission for teaching purposes, but not for resale. For use in any other circumstances, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher. 2 WINGS 2018 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces Acknowledgements We would like to thank the girls and boys who, not only participated enthusiastically in the survey and the group discussions, but also put forth many thought-provoking ideas regarding the issues that were discussed with them. Our gratitude also to parents of adolescent girls and other stakeholders who gave us their precious time and responses. This report was guided at every stage by the vision, continuous support and over all leadership of Harpal Singh, Chairman of the Governing Council, Save the Children, and Bidisha Pillai, CEO, Save the Children. The report has benefited immensely from the inputs received from Thomas Chandy, former CEO of Save the Children and the technical guidance from expert members of the Advisory Group, without whose support this report would not have been possible. Our Advisory Group has many distinguished people including: Stuti Kacker, Chairperson, NCPCR; Aastha Saxena Khatwani, Joint Secretary, MWCD; Mirai Chatterjee, Director, SEWA; A K Shiva Kumar, Development Economist; Dr. Bulbul Dhar James, Professor, Jamia Millia Islamia; Sabu M George, Member, National Inspection and Monitoring Committee of the PCPNDT Act; Geetha Nambisan, Director, Jagori; and Anju Pandey, Programme Specialist, Ending Violence against women, UN Women. Efforts of the authors of the report, Dr. Sonali Mukherjee, General Manager – Research, and Farrukh Shah, Assistant Manager - Research are greatly appreciated. We thank Karvy Insights Ltd., especially Sandeep Ghosh, for conducting the field research for the study and for their valuable contribution to the report. Special thanks also to Dr. Aardra Surendran, TISS, for contribution to the introductory chapter. We thank Dr. Namrata Jaitli, Deputy Director - Policy and Programme Impact for overall leadership, supervision, review and providing technical inputs at various stages. Our thanks are due to Radha Chellappa, Advisor - Child Protection and Gender, and Prabhat Kumar, National Thematic Manager - Child Protection for providing technical inputs on the report. We acknowledge the contribution of Alka Singh, Head - Policy and Advocacy and the national Advocacy team for their advocacy related insights. Sincere thanks are due to the state teams of Save the Children in the six study locations for their support in the data collection process. Our sincere appreciation to Vishal Chowla, COO, for his ongoing guidance and support. Our thanks to Devendra Tak, Head - Media and Communication and Vinay Kaushik, Manager - Communication for coordinating and providing technical inputs in the editing and design of report, and to Pragya Vats, Head of Campaigns, and campaigns team for providing case studies and relevant information for the report. WINGS 2018 3 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces 4 WINGS 2018 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces Preface The World of India’s Girls: A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces India’s girls are growing up in an atmosphere marked by rapid growth and greater opportunities. Increased access to education for girls, more awareness about their rights and exposure to opportunities outside the home has meant that more girls are aspiring for a better and non-traditional life. Ironically, while the aspirations of girls have soared, society’s response has not been as encouraging. It is a concern that many young girls, their parents, siblings and the community at large perceives public spaces to be unsafe for girls. As a result, many bright girls are forced to drop out of school, do not pursue higher education and restrict themselves from engaging in decent work due to fear. Public spaces, like schools, workplaces (whether agricultural fields or call centres), public toilets and markets, while bringing opportunities, are also marred by the spectre of fear and abuse. Here, girls face verbal, physical and emotional harassment and abuse too often. And the fear of that abuse is what keeps them trapped in the confines of their homes. In May 2013, Save the Children conceptualized the World of India’s Girls Report (WINGS 2014 Report), a document that took an in-depth look into the complex status of girls in India. The report led us to mainstream gender focus into many of our programmes since then and focus on girls’ education, early and forced marriage and sexual and reproductive health rights of young girls. In a dynamic world, it is important to consistently use research and evidence to capture, analyze and preempt the change. It is important to then use that data to inform programme and policy initiatives for greater impact. In 2017, Save the Children initiated “WINGS 2018: World of India’s Girls: A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces”. This report aims to explore and understand how the perceptions of girls’ safety (or the lack of it) acts as a barrier to these young girls accessing their basic rights and living productive lives. The study was conducted in six states of India. It proves, beyond any doubt, that girls are unable to achieve their full potential because they or their families are fearful of public spaces. The first step for us as a society would be to design and ensure that our public spaces are safe, towards opening the door of a future filled with opportunities for girls. There is a crying need to make our cities and villages, workplaces, markets, and public spaces safer for them to thrive. However, there is an even greater need for us to ensure that we challenge and change the patriarchal mindsets, social norms and behaviours which perpetuate the growing violence and abuse that these young girls face when they go out. The report highlights that the issue of girl’s safety has to be owned by each one of us; as individuals, families, communities, civil society organisations, media and the Government. We hope that this report will be widely used by all stakeholders to inform their own programmes leading to catalytic change in making India a safer world for our girls. Thank you, Harpal Singh Bidisha Pillai Chairman, Save the Children in India Chief Executive Officer, Save the Children in India WINGS 2018 5 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces 6 WINGS 2018 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces WINGS 2018 7 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces 8 WINGS 2018 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces WINGS 2018 9 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces 10 WINGS 2018 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces WINGS 2018 11 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces Message from Child Champion ^^dHkh&dHkh lkgl** vkSj ^^dHkh&dHkh lko/kkuh** dke vkrh gSA eSaus vius Ldwy esa vk;ksftr ,d lIrkg ds yacs vkRej{kk izf'k{k.k esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk tgka geus [kqn dks [krjs ls cpkus ds fy, djkVs ds dbZ xqj lh[ksA izf'k{k.k us eq>s cgqr vkRefo'okl fn;k gS vkSj igys O;fDr ¼esjk cM+k HkkbZ½ ftls eSaus vius gkFkksa dh dksf'k'k ;k dgsa fd djkVs dh pky ls gjkus esa dke;kch gkfly dh gS] tcfd og eq>ls FkksM+k yack gSA vkSj og eq>s gjk ldrk FkkA tc ge vius Ldwy esa tkrs gSa rks cl ;k lk>k vkWVks ysrs gSa] dHkh&dHkh ;g bruk vlqjf{kr yxrk gS] ysfdu vkRe j{kk ds ckjs esa tkudj vc cgqr varj eglwl gksrk gSA esjk ekuuk gS fd lHkh yM+fd;ksa dks ;g izf'k{k.k ysuk pkfg, vkSj Ldwyksa esa ;g izf'k{k.k ,d lIrkg ds fy, ugha cfYd ,d o"kZ ds fy, gksuk pkfg,A eSa ;g Hkh dguk pkgw¡xh fd vkRe&j{kk izf'k{k.k gekjs Ldwy ds yM+dksa ds fy, Hkh gksuk pkfg,A ^^eSa cM+k gksus ij MkWDVj cuuk pkgrh gw¡] vkSj gka og MkWDVj tks vPNh rjg ls djkVs dj ldrk gSA---** fu'kk] 16 lky gkbZLdwy dh Nk=k] rSewj uxj] ubZ fnYyh 12 WINGS 2018 A study on the perception of girls’ safety in public spaces Contents Acknowledgements 3 Preface 5 Messages 7 Executive Summary 15 CHAPTER 1 Safety of Girls in Public Spaces: Conceptual and Policy Trajectories in India 21 1.1.