REFINEMENT OF TEMPORARY MUNITION STORAGE USING SOIL-FILLED WALLS By VINCENT DUPONT A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2019 © 2019 Vincent Dupont To my family and my friends ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my teacher, Dr. Theodor Krauthammer, for sharing is knowledge with my fellow students and me. I would also like to express my gratitude towards my colleagues, now friends that I have met and worked with in my time at the University of Florida. To my past teachers and mentors, my accomplishments would have never been possible without your advices and guidance. To the Canadian Department of Defense and the Canadian Military Engineer branch, that made this amazing experience possible for me and many other Canadian officers, thank you. Finally yet importantly, to my Family, which have and always will be there for me. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ............................................................................... 14 1.1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................... 14 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................ 15 1.3 Research Significance ..................................................................................... 15 1.4 Scope and Organization .................................................................................. 15 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................. 17 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Soil-Filled Wall ................................................................................................. 17 2.3 Blast Event ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1 Blast in Open-Air Environment ............................................................... 20 2.3.1.1 Air blast loading case .................................................................... 20 2.3.1.2 Pressure contours ......................................................................... 22 2.3.1.3 Sympathetic detonation ................................................................. 22 2.3.2 Blast in Mediums .................................................................................... 23 2.3.2.1 Ground shock................................................................................ 24 2.3.2.2 Cratering ....................................................................................... 26 2.3.2.3 Fragments ..................................................................................... 27 2.4 Previous Experimentations and Research ....................................................... 31 2.4.1 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Analytical Modelling ......................... 31 2.4.2 Enhancement of Response Prediction Model ......................................... 32 2.4.3 Technical Report – Operational Munition Storage Optimization – CIPPS 2017 ................................................................................................. 33 2.5 Existing Directives and Guidelines ................................................................... 34 2.5.1 Current Available Designs ...................................................................... 35 2.5.2 Safety Distances .................................................................................... 36 2.5.2.1 Pressure effect on the human body ............................................... 36 2.5.2.2 Fragment effect on the human body .............................................. 37 2.5.3 Serviceability Limits ................................................................................ 37 2.5.3.1 Operational Requirements ............................................................ 38 2.5.3.2 Environment Suitability .................................................................. 38 2.6 Software .......................................................................................................... 39 5 2.6.1 Conventional Weapon Effects Simulation (ConWep) .............................. 39 2.6.2 FRANG .................................................................................................. 39 2.6.3 SHOCK .................................................................................................. 40 2.7 Summary ......................................................................................................... 40 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 51 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 51 3.2 Initial Configuration .......................................................................................... 51 3.3 Layout Validation ............................................................................................. 52 3.3.1 Cratering ................................................................................................ 52 3.3.2 Sympathetic Detonation ......................................................................... 53 3.3.2.1 Air blast induced pressure ............................................................. 53 3.3.2.2 Ground shock................................................................................ 54 3.4 Load Function .................................................................................................. 54 3.4.1 Air Blast Load Function .......................................................................... 55 3.4.2 Gas Pressure Loading Function ............................................................. 55 3.4.3 Fragment Load Function ........................................................................ 56 3.4.4 Ground Shock Effect .............................................................................. 56 3.4.5 Combined Effects ................................................................................... 57 3.5 Soil-Filled Wall Response ................................................................................ 57 3.5.1 Lower Bound Criteria .............................................................................. 58 3.5.2 Upper Bound Limit .................................................................................. 59 3.6 Safety Distance Calculations ........................................................................... 59 3.6.1 Blast Overpressure Safety Distance ....................................................... 59 3.6.2 Fragmentation Safety Distance .............................................................. 60 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................ 61 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 61 4.2 Initial Dimensions ............................................................................................ 61 4.2.1 Previous Work ........................................................................................ 61 4.2.2 Cratering Dimensions ............................................................................. 61 4.3 Design Values ................................................................................................. 62 4.3.1 Structural Characteristics and Geometrical Analysis .............................. 62 4.3.2 Sympathetic Detonation ......................................................................... 63 4.3.3 Shock Overpressure Loading ................................................................. 64 4.3.4 Gas Pressure Load ................................................................................ 65 4.3.5 Fragmentation Load ............................................................................... 65 4.3.6 Combined Loading Scenario .................................................................. 66 4.3.7 Ground Shock ........................................................................................ 66 4.4 Lateral Displacement Analysis ......................................................................... 67 4.4.1 Wall Response ....................................................................................... 67 4.4.1 Roof Response ...................................................................................... 68 4.5 Pressure-Distance Safety ................................................................................ 68 4.6 Construction Guidelines ................................................................................... 68 6 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 80 5.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 80 5.2 Recommendations