Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) Varanasi TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary STAGE I: CITY ASSESSMENT 1 Project Perspective.........................................................................................................11 1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................11 1.2 Objectives, Process and Permissible Activities .......................................................12 1.2.1 Mission objectives ...........................................................................................12 1.2.2 The Process......................................................................................................12 1.2.3 Permissible Activities ......................................................................................14 1.3 Stakeholders Consultation.......................................................................................14 PARTA: GENERAL URBAN CHARACTERISTICS 2 City Profile......................................................................................................................16 2.1 About Varanasi ........................................................................................................16 2.2 Location ...................................................................................................................16 2.3 Linkages and Connectivity ......................................................................................17 2.4 Topography, Geology and Climate..........................................................................19 3 Demographic Profile......................................................................................................20 3.1 Population Growth & Composition .........................................................................20 3.1.1 Population Growth...........................................................................................20 3.1.2 Population Density...........................................................................................21 3.1.3 Sex Ratio..........................................................................................................22 3.1.4 Average Household Size..................................................................................22 3.1.5 Literacy Rate....................................................................................................24 3.1.6 SC/ ST Population............................................................................................24 3.2 Social Composition..................................................................................................24 3.3 Population Projections .............................................................................................25 3.4 Key Issues ................................................................................................................27 4 Economic Base................................................................................................................28 4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................28 4.2 Workforce Participation...........................................................................................28 4.3 Dominant Sectors & Activities ................................................................................29 4.4 Industrial development.............................................................................................31 4.5 Key Issues ................................................................................................................33 5 City Development and Land Use..................................................................................34 5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................34 5.2 Morphological Development of Varanasi................................................................34 5.3 Present Scenario.......................................................................................................37 5.4 Master Plan 2011 Proposals.....................................................................................38 5.5 Key Issues ................................................................................................................39 6 Urban Characteristics and Housing.............................................................................40 6.1 Urban Profile............................................................................................................40 6.1.1 The Old City ....................................................................................................40 6.1.2 The Central City...............................................................................................40 6.1.3 Peripheral areas................................................................................................41 0 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) Varanasi 6.2 Housing....................................................................................................................41 6.2.1 Housing Densities ............................................................................................43 6.2.2 Housing Shortage.............................................................................................43 6.2.3 Distribution of households by size...................................................................44 6.2.4 Distribution of census houses by their usage...................................................44 6.2.5 Distribution of houses by type of structure......................................................45 6.2.6 Ownership status of the houses........................................................................46 6.2.7 New Development ...........................................................................................46 6.2.8 Housing In Varanasi Master Plan 2011 ...........................................................47 6.3 Key Issues ................................................................................................................47 7 Tourism and Heritage Conservation............................................................................48 7.1 Background..............................................................................................................48 7.2 Tourism....................................................................................................................48 7.2.1 Destinations within Varanasi ...........................................................................48 7.2.1.1 Ghats 48 7.2.1.2 Temples 50 7.2.1.3 Old city 51 7.2.1.4 Sacred Kunds 51 7.2.1.5 Pilgrimage Routes 51 7.2.1.6 Banaras Hindu University 52 7.2.2 Destinations in the vicinity of Varanasi...........................................................52 7.2.2.1 Sarnath 52 7.2.2.2 Ramnagar 52 7.2.3 Fairs and Festivals............................................................................................53 MAP 5.................................................................................. 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Bookmark not defined. 7.3 Heritage....................................................................................................................55 7.3.1 The Ganga River and the Riverfront Heritage Zone........................................55 7.3.2 Core Heritage Area ..........................................................................................55 7.3.3 Sarnath Heritage Zone .....................................................................................55 7.3.4 Current Scenario/Threat to Heritage................................................................56 7.4 Tourist Inflow..........................................................................................................56 7.5 Tourism Infrastructure .............................................................................................57 7.6 Tourist Projection.....................................................................................................58 7.7 Tourism Policy.........................................................................................................58 7.8 Key Issues ................................................................................................................59 PART B: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE 8 Water Supply..................................................................................................................60 8.1 Brief History ............................................................................................................60 8.2 Present Scenario.......................................................................................................64 8.2.1 Water Sources ..................................................................................................64 8.2.2 Water Treatment Plant .....................................................................................64 8.2.3 Storage Tanks...................................................................................................65 8.2.4 Distribution Network.......................................................................................66 8.2.5 Quality of Water ..............................................................................................68 8.2.6 System Maintenance ........................................................................................69