RCRA 40 CFR PART 264, SUBPART X PERMIT WRITERS TECHNICAL RESOURCE DOCUMENT (Version 2.0) Prepared by: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE PERMITS AND STATE PROGRAMS DIVISION and THE SUBPART X PERMIT WRITERS WORKGROUP June 1997 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 APPLICABILITY ......................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT .............................................................................................. 1-2 1.3 INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 OTHER GUIDANCE MANUALS ............................................................................................... 1-3 1.5 MILITARY MUNITIONS RULE ................................................................................................ 1-3 1.5.1 Training in Use of a Product ......................................................................................................... 1-3 1.5.2 Range Clearance ........................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5.3 Emergency Responses .................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.5.4 Other Changes Impacting OB/OD Units ...................................................................................... 1-6 2.0 SUBPART X UNITS ........................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 TYPES OF UNITS INCLUDED UNDER SUBPART X ............................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Open Burn and Open Detonation Units ........................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1.1 Open Burning: Physical and Process Description ......................................................... 2-3 2.1.1.2 Open Detonation Unit: Physical and Process Description ............................................. 2-3 2.1.2 Carbon and Catalyst Regeneration Units ......................................................................... 2-4 2.1.3 Shredder Units 2-2 2.1.4 Filter Press Units .............................................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.5 Can Crushers 2-5 2.1.6 Thermal Desorption Units................................................................................................ 2-5 2.1.7 Ex Situ Vitrification Units ................................................................................................ 2-6 2.1.8 Underground Mines, Caves, and Geologic Repositories ................................................. 2-6 2.1.9 Biological and Chemical Treatment Units ....................................................................... 2-6 2.2 AREAS OF SPECIAL CONCERN TO PERMIT WRITERS ...................................................... 2-6 2.2.1 Areas of Special Concern in the Review Permit Applications for OB/OD Units ............ 2-7 2.2.1.1 Operation and Location Concerns ................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.1.2 Methodology of Waste Analysis and Emissions Characterization ................................ 2-10 2.2.1.3 Minimization of Releases of Hazardous Waste or Constituents From the Unit ............ 2-10 2.2.1.4 Closure of the Unit 2-11 2.2.1.5 Approach Taken to the Environmental and Risk Assessments ...................................... 2-11 2.2.2 Areas of Special Concern for the Review of Permit Applications for Regeneration and Thermal Desorption Units 2-11 2..2.2.1 Design of the Unit 2-12 2.2.2.2 Operation of the Unit 2-12 2.2.2.3 Management of Emissions From the Unit ..................................................................... 2-12 3.0 INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Wastes and Residues .................................................. 3-1 3.2 Waste Analysis Plan ........................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.1 Analytical Parameters 3-2 3.2.2 Analytical Methods 3-2 3.2.3 Frequency of Analysis 3-3 3.2.4 Analysis of Waste Generated Off Site ............................................................................. 3-3 3.2.5 Additional Requirements for Waste Analysis .................................................................. 3-3 3.3 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE ................................................................................. 3-4 3.3.1 Requirements for Closure Plans....................................................................................... 3-4 3.3.2 Post-Closure Care Requirements ..................................................................................... 3-5 3.4 WASTE AND RESIDUALS CHARACTERIZATION ............................................................... 3-5 3.4.1 Munitions, Explosives, and Other As-Generated Wastes ................................................ 3-5 3.4.1.1 Use of DoD Data Sheets and Technical Manuals ............................................................ 3-5 3.4.1.2 Use of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and Other Information From the Explosives Industry 3-6 3.4.1.4 Waste Analyses for Ignitable and Reactive Wastes ......................................................... 3-7 3.4.2 Residuals Characterization............................................................................................... 3-9 3.4.2.1 Air Emissions 3-9 3.4.2.2 Solid Residues 3-10 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE STANDARDS........................................................... 3-10 3.5.1 Location Requirements .................................................................................................. 3-11 3.5.2 Design and Construction ................................................................................................ 3-11 3.5.3 Operation and Maintenance Procedures ........................................................................ 3-12 3.5.4 Detection and Monitoring Requirements ....................................................................... 3-13 3.5.5 Effectiveness of Treatment ............................................................................................ 3-14 3.5.6 Other Appropriate Requirements for subpart X Units ................................................... 3-16 3.5.6.1 Application of Subparts I Through O to OB/OD Units ................................................. 3-16 3.5.6.2 Application of Subparts AA Through CC ..................................................................... 3-18 3.6 PREVENTION OF RELEASES TO GROUND WATER AND THE SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................... 3-18 3.6.1 Volume and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Waste ................................ 3-19 3.6.1.1 Open Burning Units 3-19 3.6.1.2 Open Detonation Units 3-19 3.6.2 Potential for Migration through Soil, Liners, or Other Containment Structures ........... 3-20 3.6.3 Hydrologic and Geologic Characteristics of the Unit and the Surrounding Area .......... 3-20 3.6.4 Existing Quality of Ground water, Quantity and Direction of Ground water Flow, and Proximity to and Current and Potential Withdrawal Rates of Ground water Users ................................ 3-20 3.6.5 Potential for Deposition or Migration of Waste Constituents ........................................ 3-21 3.6.6 Potential for Occurrence of Health Risks Caused by Human Exposure to Waste Constituents 3-21 3.7 PREVENTION OF RELEASES TO SURFACE WATER OR WETLANDS OR TO SOIL .... 3-21 3.7.1 Volume and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Waste ................................ 3-21 3.7.2 Effectiveness and Reliability of Containing, Confining, and Collecting Systems and Structures in Preventing Migration .......................................................................................................... 3-21 3.7.3 Hydrologic Characteristics of the Unit and the Area in Its Vicinity, Topography of the Land in the Vicinity of the Unit, and Its Proximity to Surface Water ..................................................... 3-22 3.7.4 Pattern of Precipitation in the Region ............................................................................ 3-22 3.7.5 Current and Potential Uses of Nearby Surface Waters and Water Quality Standards Established for Nearby Surface Waters ................................................................................................... 3-23 3.7.6 Existing Quality of Surface Waters and Surface Soils, Including Other Sources of Contamination and Their Cumulative Effect on Surface Waters and Surface Soils ................................ 3-23 3.7.7 Patterns of Land Use in the Region ............................................................................... 3-23 3.7.8 Potential for the Occurrence of Health Risks Caused by Human Exposure to Waste Constituents 3-23 3.8 REMEDIATION AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ............................................................