GemmologyThe Journal of 2014 / Volume 34 / No. 3 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Diamonds are Unique. So are You. ABN AMRO has been a trusted partner to the diamond and jewelry industry for over 100 years. Our unique experience and global presence enable us to provide you with tailored financial solutions. We look forward to discussing how we can add value to your business. ABN AMRO Bank N.V. - International Diamond & Jewelry Group Antwerp +32 3 222 0256 Mumbai* +91 22 2281 9118 New York +1 212 649 5100 Hong Kong +852 3763 3038 Dubai +971 4 440 9540 Amsterdam +31 20 628 2589 * Currently operating within The Royal Bank of Scotland N.V. www.abnamro.com/diamondsandjewelry GemmologyThe Journal of 2014 / Volume 34 / No. 3 COLUMNS p. 189 185 What’s New Gem spectra database|Sarine DiaMension Axiom|Gem laboratory newsletters|GSA p. 239 gem session abstracts|GIA reports|Goldsmiths’ Review|ICA Congress presentations|World of Color communication sys- tem| Updated Fei Cui Testing Standards|World Gold Council demand trends|The Journal of Gemmology indexes 188 Practical Gemmology Use of stacking software in photomicrography ARTICLES 190 Gem Notes Feature Articles Adularia from Austria|Cat’s-eye 210 A Comparative Study of Jadeite, Omphacite and apatite from Namibia|Colour- change axinite-(Mn) from Kosmochlor Jades from Myanmar, and Suggestions Tanzania|Green fluorite from for a Practical Nomenclature Pakistan and Vietnam|Bi- By Leander Franz, Tay Thye Sun, Henry A. Hänni, Christian de coloured grossular from Capitani, Theerapongs Thanasuthipitak and Wilawan Atichat Kenya|Jade-like materials sold in Myanmar|Blue kyanite from 230 The Discoverer of Tsavorite—Campbell Bridges—and Tanzania|Rainbow moon- His Scorpion Mine stone from Malawi|News from By Bruce Bridges and Jim Walker the Oceanview mine, Pala, California|Scheelite from Inner Mongolia|Aging silver-treated Gemmological Briefs cultured pearl|Dyed hessonite 242 Emeralds Partially Coated with Amorphous Carbon imitating ruby|The Mirasety ring By Gagan Choudhary Cover Photo: Burmese jadeite is well 248 The ‘Sleeping Lion’ Baroque Pearl: An Update known for its attractive coloration and trans- By J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, Dirk M. van der Marel and parency. Jadeite-bearing Herman A. Dommisse rocks may contain a wide variety of mineral assemblages in fine- 256 grained aggregates that Excursions create challenges for the proper characterization 262 Gem-A Notices and naming of these materials, as discussed in the article by L. Franz 264 Learning Opportunities et al. on pp. 210–229. The brooch on the cover features a carved piece of Burmese jadeite (6.40 × 5.30 cm) that is set with 268 New Media amethyst and diamonds in platinum and silver. Courtesy of Carnet by Michelle Ong, Hong Kong; photo by Tino Hammid. 274 Literature of Interest The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL and GIT. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2014.34.3 i The Journal of emmology G THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN Editor-in-Chief Production Editor Marketing Consultant Brendan M. Laurs Mary A. Burland Ya’akov Almor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 21 Ely Place London EC1N 6TD Executive Editor Editor Emeritus Assistant Editor UK James H. Riley Roger R. Harding Michael J. O’Donoghue t: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Associate Editors f: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 Edward Boehm, RareSource, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA; Alan T. Collins, King’s College e: [email protected] London; John L. Emmett, Crystal Chemistry, Brush Prairie, Washington, USA; Emmanuel w: www.gem-a.com Fritsch, University of Nantes, France; Rui Galopim de Carvalho, Portugal Gemas, Lisbon, Registered Charity No. 1109555 Portugal; Lee A. Groat, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Thomas Registered office: Palladium House, Hainschwang, GGTL Gemlab–Gemtechlab Laboratory, Balzers, Liechtenstein; Henry A. 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD Hänni, GemExpert, Basel, Switzerland; Jeff W. Harris, University of Glasgow; Alan D. Hart, The Natural History Museum, London; Ulrich Henn, German Gemmological Association, Idar-Oberstein; Jaroslav Hyršl, Prague, Czech Republic; Brian Jackson, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh; Stefanos Karampelas, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Lore Kiefert, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Hiroshi Kitawaki, Central Gem Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan; Michael S. Krzemnicki, Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF, President Basel; Shane F. McClure, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Jack Harry Levy M. Ogden, Striptwist Ltd., London; Federico Pezzotta, Natural History Museum of Milan, Vice Presidents Italy; Jeffrey E. Post, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; Andrew H. Rankin, David J. Callaghan, Alan T. Collins, Kingston University, Surrey; George R. Rossman, California Institute of Technology, Noel W. Deeks, E. Alan Jobbins, Pasadena, USA; Karl Schmetzer, Petershausen, Germany; Dietmar Schwarz, AIGS Lab Co. Michael J. O’Donoghue, Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand; Menahem Sevdermish, GemeWizard Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel; Andrew H. Rankin Guanghai Shi, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; James E. Shigley, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Christopher P. Smith, American Gemological Honorary Fellow Laboratories Inc., New York; Evelyne Stern, London; Elisabeth Strack, Gemmologisches Emmanuel Fritsch Institut, Hamburg, Germany; Tay Thye Sun, Far East Gemological Laboratory, Singapore; Pornsawat Wathanakul, Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand, Bangkok; Chris M. Honorary Diamond Member Welbourn, Reading, Berkshire; Joanna Whalley, Victoria and Albert Museum, London; Martin Rapaport Bert Willems, Gilching, Germany; Bear Williams, Stone Group Laboratories LLC, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA; J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, National Museum of Natural History ‘Naturalis’, Honorary Life Members Leiden, The Netherlands. Anthony J. Allnutt, Hermann Bank, Terence M.J. Davidson, Peter R. Content Submission Dwyer-Hickey, Gwyn M. Green, The Editor-in-Chief is glad to consider original articles, news items, conference/excursion Roger R. Harding, John S. Harris, reports, announcements and calendar entries on subjects of gemmological interest for J. Alan W. Hodgkinson, John I. publication in The Journal of Gemmology. A guide to the preparation of manuscripts Koivula, C.M. (Mimi) Ou Yang, is given at www.gem-a.com/publications/journal-of-gemmology.aspx, or contact the Evelyne Stern, Ian Thomson, Vivian P. Production Editor. Watson, Colin H. Winter Subscriptions Chief Executive Officer Gem-A members receive The Journal as part of their membership package, full details of James H. Riley which are given at www.gem-a.com/membership.aspx. Laboratories, libraries, museums and similar institutions may become Direct Subscribers to The Journal (see www.gem-a. Council com/publications/subscribe.aspx). Jason F. Williams – Chairman Mary A. Burland, Jessica M. Cadzow, Advertising Steven J.C. Collins, Paul F. Greer, Enquiries about advertising in The Journal should be directed to the Marketing Nigel B. Israel, Jonathan Lambert, Richard M. Slater, Miranda E.J. Wells, Consultant. For more information, see www.gem-a.com/publications/journal-of- Stephen Whittaker gemmology/advertising-in-the-journal.aspx. Branch Chairmen Copyright and Reprint Permission Midlands – Georgina E. Kettle Abstracting with credit to the source, photocopying isolated articles for noncommercial North East – Mark W. Houghton classroom use, and photocopying by libraries for private use of patrons, are permitted. South East – Veronica Wetten Requests to use images published in The Journal should be directed to the Editor-in- South West – Richard M. Slater Chief. Give the complete reference citation and the page number for the image(s) in question, and please state how and where the image would be used. The Journal of Gemmology is published quarterly by Gem-A, The Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Any opinions expressed in The Journal are understood to be the views of the contributors and not necessarily of the publisher. Printed by DG3 (Europe) Ltd. Understanding Gems ™ © 2014 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Cert no. TT-COC-002454 ISSN: 1355-4565 ii The Journal of Gemmology, 34(3), 2014 What’s New What’s New INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES Gem Spectra Database Sarine DiaMension Axiom Images and descriptions of absorption and In the 1990s Sarine (then Sarin) Technologies intro- emission spectra (the type collected with a hand- duced the first system to measure the cut character- held or desktop spectroscope) have been compiled istics of polished diamonds based on shadow tech- into a useful database by John Harris FGA at www. nology, becoming a standard in most well-equipped gemlab.co.uk. According to notes on the website, gemmological labs and cutting workshops. In Au- “This database is mainly for use by students gust 2014, Sarine added a new breakthrough to studying gemmology in the courses offered by the the measuring Gemmological Association of Great Britain and the technology us- National Association of Goldsmiths.” ing an automatic As of September 2014, the spectra database cov- microscopic di- ers gem materials of the following colour groups: col- mension. The ourless, red, pink, orange, yellow, green, brown and result is the Dia- blue. The spectra are available as downloadable Ex- Mension Axiom, cel files for gems which includes of specific colour a sophisticated new illumination technology com- ranges, such as bined with