BrasilBrasil RoundRound 99 ParnaíbaParnaíba BasinBasin Eliane Petersohn , M.Sc Geologist ANP Bid Areas Department LocationLocation Total Area = 668,858 km 2 Paleozoic Intracratonic basin Sedimentary infill Cretaceous – Tertiary cover InfrastructureInfrastructure The Parnaíba Basin is located in an attractive geopolitical context near the following state capitals : Belém, São Luís, Teresina and Palmas It is located near the largest brazilian mineral complex (Carajás) and the railroad that connects this complex to the coast Near important ports such as Parna íba and São Lu ís InfrastructureInfrastructure ofof thethe brazilianbrazilian northeasternnortheastern regionregion offered area BR-222-CEBR-222-CE –– Pecém Pecém PortPort AcessAcess NovaNova TransnordestinaTransnordestina Itaqui Port Itaqui Port RailroadRailroad BR 101 BR-135BR-135 -- MA MA –– Itaqui Itaqui PortPort AcessAcess BR 101 NordesteNordeste BR-135-PI-BA-MGBR-135-PI-BA-MG SuapeSuape Port Port AcessAcess Total investment : R$ 7.3 bilhões 2007 - 2010 CharacteristicsCharacteristics ofof BrazilianBrazilian northeasternnortheastern regionregion It has a territorial area of 1.5 million km²; population of 51 million inhabitants (28% of brazilian population ) and GNP of USD 93.6 billions (2004) Climate : tropical, tropical half -barren and wet equatorial There are three raining periods very well defined: February to May in northern region; October to March in the southern portion and from April to August in east of northeaster n region ( Zona da Mata and Agreste ) Besides the infrastructure , the Northeastern has supporting programs to the productives activities and fiscal enducements with high capacity work force for training ExplorationExploration HistoryHistory The interest in Parnaíba Basin began in 1909 by geologic activities directioned to mineral water and coal prospection In the 50’s the National Petroleum Council performed Phase 1 surface mapping and drilled 2 wells in Maranhão State Creation of Petrobras Phase 2 27 exploration wells were drilled; Gravimetric and 1953 - 1966 seismic surveys and geologic surface mapping was done Phase 3 Seismic refletion; Risk Contracts; 5 wells were drilled 1975 - 1988 Phase 4 Reprocessing of seismic data and surface geochemistry 1988 - 1993 survey ExplorationExploration HistoryHistory 34 wells 22 wildcats 12 stratigraphic wells 7 special wells 13,194 km 2D seismic 163,690 km ² of magnetometry data Seismic 2D post -stack 116,360 km ² of gravimetry Seismic 2D pre -stack data AerogeophysicAerogeophysic surveysurvey ANP/2006ANP/2006 Bacia do Parnaíba Grav /Mag Area : 748,612,4 km² (183,877.03 linear km) Gama/ Mag Area : 240,000 km² (544,446 linear km) ParnaíbaParnaíba BasinBasin BouguerBouguer MapMap mGal -19,32 - 28,44 - 34,55 - 39,36 - 43,58 - 47,08 - 50,24 - 53,82 - 57,77 - 61,82 - 65,79 - 70,21 - 81,70 ParnaíbaParnaíba BasinBasin MagneticMagnetic mapmap nT 81,40 63,16 51,87 43,30 34,87 26,18 16,95 05,86 - 8,87 - 33,25 RegionalRegional GeologyGeology cccccccccc Tectonic stratigraphic evolution Parnaiba Basin Stratigraphic chart The stratigraphic framework of the Parna íba Basin is comprised by four depositional sequences Urucuia , Areado, Itapecuru , Codó , CRETACEOUS Grajaú and Sardinha formations Corda, Pastos Bons and JURASSIC Mosquito formations TRIASSIC Sambaíba , Motuca , Pedra de Fogo and Piauí formations DEVONIAN Poti , Longá , Cabeças, CARBONIFEROUS Pimenteiras and Itaim formations SILURIAN Jaicós , Tianguá and Ipu formations ORDOVICIAN Mirador Formation LATE PROTEROZOIC Riachão Formation SurfaceSurface GeologicGeologic MapMap PROTEROZOIC (Basement ) SILURIAN (Serra Grande Group ) DEVONIAN (Canindé Group ) PERMIAN (Balsas Group ) JURASSIC (Mearim Group ) CRETACEOUS (Itapecuru Formation ) StructuralStructural FrameworkFramework Geologic section Source : Milani e Zalan , 1998 SchematicSchematic GeologicGeologic CrossCross --SectionSection Parnaíba Basin Schematic Geologic Cross -Section Permian Devonian Silurian Proterozoic PetroleumPetroleum SystemSystem SourceSource rocksrocks Poti Formation DEVONIAN (FAMENNIAN) Longá Formation secondary source rocks Cabeças Formation (Longá Formation ) Pimenteiras Formation DEVONIAN SOURCE ROCKS DEVONIAN Itaim Formation DEVONIAN Itaim Formation (Pimenteiras Formation ) It is the main source rock radioactive shale TOC ranges between 2,0 and 2,5%, with 6% peaks Jaicos Formation kerogen are type II and III Tianguá Formation SILURIAN Ipu Formation secondary source rocks SILURIAN SILURIAN (Tinguá Formation ) schematic stratigraphic chart SourceSource rocksrocks Well 9 – PAF – 7 – MA drilled in 1964 Raios gama Lito- Folhelhos COT (%) R0 (%) Fm 40API 300 logia radioativos 4 3 2 1 0,5 0,4 0,6 0,8 ICE Ro PAF 7 2000 m “C” s a r i e t n e 2100 m m i “B” P 2200 m thickness in meters contour interval = 100 m “A” m i a t Isopach maps of the Pimenteiras Formation I SourceSource rocksrocks Isolith map of the radioactive shale “C” TOC Distribution map of the radioactive shale “C” Source : Rodriguês , 1995 ReservoirsReservoirs DEVONIAN RESERVOIR Poti Formation (Cabeças Formation ) Longá Formation main reservoir Cabeças Formation Pimenteiras Formation sands with excellent permo - porous characteristics ; DEVONIAN Itaim Formation DEVONIAN Itaim Formation thickness of up to 300 m and direct contact with the main source rock SECONDARY DEVONIAN RESERVOIR Jaicos Formation (Itaim Formation ) Tianguá Formation Ipu Formation SILURIAN RESERVOIR SILURIAN SILURIAN RESERVOIR SILURIAN (Ipu Formation ) schematic stratigraphic chart ReservoirsReservoirs contour Interval = 3 meters contour Interval = 50 meters contourcontour Interval Interval= 3 meters= 3 meters Isopach map Porosity distribuition map Devonian Reservoir (Cabeças Formation ) Devonian Reservoir (Cabeças Formation ) TrapsTraps The northern domain is characterized by regional arches and abundant normal fault attributed to the tectonic processes that northern domain resulted in the Equatorial Atlantic opening In the central domain occurs structures central domain related to the igneous intrusions southern domain In the southern domain occurs structures related to the strike slip tectonics Source: Milani and Zalán, 1998 SealsSeals Poti Formation seal for the main reservoir DEVONIAN Longá Formation (Cabe ças Formation ) Cabeças Formation Pimenteiras Formation seal for secondary reservoir DEVONIAN Itaim Formation DEVONIAN Itaim Formation DEVONIAN (Itaim Formation ) Jaicos Formation Tianguá Formation seal for secondary reservoir SILURIAN Ipu Formation (Ipu Formation ) SILURIAN SILURIAN schematic stratigraphic chart MaturationMaturation Thermal effect of basic igneous rocks intruded in source rocks had contributed to the maturation of organic matter thickness in meters Thermal influence of igneous intrusions in Isolith map of the igneous rocks (basalt + diabase ) Devonian rocks Thermal evolution map of radioactive shale Favorable area for gas generation Favorable area for oil generation EventsEvents chartchart MainMain petroleumpetroleum occurrencesoccurrences Surface geochemical anomalies (C2+) Hydrocarbon occurrences in DST’s Gas Oil Wells with shows in cuttings Wells without shows GAS SEEPS (Source : Milani and Zalán , 1998) OfferedOffered AreaArea OfferedOffered AreaArea Total bid area 30,664 km ² 10 blocks ~ 3,000 km ² Drilled wells : 2 CP 0001 MA (1987) 3,423 meters – Basement 2 BAC 0001 MA (1988) (3,252 meters – Basement ) 1 PD 0001 MA (1960) (2,843 meters – Silurian ) Main attraction for the area : Capinzal Well – 2 CP 0001 MA it is located in the depocentre of the basin , where the thickness of the sedimentary column is in excess of 3,000 m, favoring the hydrocarbon generation the main source rock ( Devonian – Pimenteiras Formation ) has thickness in the order of 400 meters total organic carbon is around 2.0% the main reservoir (Cabe ças Formation ) reaches thicknesses of up to 250 m intrusions affecting the main source rocks acted as a catalyst for the hydrocarbons generation in the basin the termogenic gas recovered at surface proves that the basin has an active petroleum system Seismic section showing the Capinzal Well 059-RL-048 LEGENDA 2-CP-1-MA Cretaceous Anidrite (Motuca Formation) Anidrite (Pedra de Fogo Formation) Cabeças Formation top Pimenteiras Formation base Diabase sills Source: PETROBRAS CapinzalCapinzal wellwell compositecomposite loglog 0 GR 400 1500(m ) 1600 Cabeças Formation 1700 Possible gas 1800 occurrence 1900 Pimenteiras Formation 2000 2100 2200 2300 Gas occurrence 2400 Itaim Formation 2500 Gas occurrence Jaicós Formation 2600 Source: PETROBRAS 2700 2,472.2 – 2,490.0 m Itaim Formation Pimenteiras Formation Itaim Formation 2nd flare of gas up to 4 meters GasGas occurrenceoccurrence wellwell :: 22 CPCP –– 00010001 –– MAMA 0GR 300 135DT 35 6 CAL 16 0,2 Rild 2000 2 RHOB 3 BS 8 ½” 0,2 SFLU 2000 45 NPHI -15 2200 Pimenteiras Formation TF-2 TF-1 DST-1 and DST-2 nd Source: PETROBRAS 2 flare of gas 1 to 2 meters DataData packagepackage wells : 5 Seismic : 566 km 2D post stack EXPLORATORYEXPLORATORY INFORMATIONINFORMATION SECTOR S - PN - NORTE Exploratory Class New Frontier Number of blocks 10 Area of block 30,664 km ² Total Bid Area ~ 3,000 km ² Exploration Phase 6 years Exploratory Period 4 + 2 years Operator Technical Qualification C Minimum Bonus R$ 20,000.00 to R$ 32,000.00 Minimum Target Cabe ças Formation (Devonian ) SpeculativeSpeculative resourcesresources 66,874.466,874.4 kmkm 2 Based on a structure with : area = 50 km 2 netpay = 10 m Appraised volume 20 BCM of gas Possibility of 10 structures within the area boundary Favorable area for gas generation Favorable area for oil generation 200 BCM of gas ConclusionsConclusions New Frontier Basin still less explored , but atractive when compared with other similar basins world - wide Basin situated in an area with great need for gas . To supply this resource from other places could be otherwise to much expensive Sediments with adequate quality and quantity of source rock to commercial petroleum generation Favorable conditions for generation , migration , reservoirs , trapping and seal Eliane Petersohn epetersohn @anp. gov .br www. brasil -rounds .gov .br /english.