SuSE Linux ADMINISTRATION GUIDE 2nd edition 2004 Copyright © This publication is intellectual property of SuSE Linux AG. Its contents can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright label is visibly located on each copy. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SuSE Linux AG, the au- thors, nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Many of the software and hardware descriptions cited in this book are registered trade- marks. All trade names are subject to copyright restrictions and may be registered trade marks. SuSE Linux AG essentially adheres to the manufacturer’s spelling. Names of products and trademarks appearing in this book (with or without specific notation) are likewise subject to trademark and trade protection laws and may thus fall under copy- right restrictions. Please direct suggestions and comments to [email protected] Authors: Frank Bodammer, Stefan Dirsch, Olaf Donjak, Torsten Duwe, Roman Drahtmüller, Thorsten Dubiel, Karl Eichwalder, Thomas Fehr, Stefan Fent, Werner Fink, Kurt Garloff, Carsten Groß, Andreas Grünbacher, Franz Hassels, Andreas Jaeger, Klaus Kämpf, Hubert Mantel, Anas Nashif, Johannes Meixner, Lars Müller, Matthias Nagorni, Peter Pöml, Siegfried Olschner, Heiko Rommel, Marcus Schaefer, Nikolaus Schüler, Klaus Singvogel, Hendrik Vogelsang, Klaus G. Wagner, Christian Zoz Translators: Daniel Pisano, Tino Tanner, Olaf Niepolt Editors: Jörg Arndt, Antje Faber, Berthold Gunreben Roland Haidl, Jana Jaeger, Edith Parzefall, Peter Reinhart, Thomas Rölz Marc Rührschneck, Thomas Schraitle, Rebecca Walter Layout: Manuela Piotrowski, Thomas Schraitle Setting: LATEX This book has been printed on 100 % chlorine-free bleached paper. Contents Preface .................................... 1 New Features in the Administration Guide ................ 2 Typographical Conventions ......................... 3 A Word of Thanks .............................. 3 I Installation 5 1 The Installation 7 Text-Based Installation with YaST ...................... 8 The Start Screen ............................. 8 The Basis: linuxrc ............................ 9 Starting SuSE Linux ............................. 15 The Graphical SuSE Screen ...................... 15 Special Installation Procedures ....................... 17 Installation Without CD-ROM Support ................ 17 Installation from a Network Source .................. 17 Tips and Tricks ................................ 19 Creating a Boot Disk in DOS ...................... 19 Creating a Boot Disk in a UNIX-Type System ............ 20 Booting from Disk (SYSLINUX) .................... 21 Using CD 2 for Booting ........................ 22 Supported CD-ROM Drives ...................... 22 ATAPI CD-ROM Hangs While Reading ............... 22 Partitioning for Experts ........................... 23 Size of Swap Partition ......................... 24 Utilization of the Computer ...................... 24 Optimizations .............................. 26 LVM Configuration with YaST ........................ 28 Logical Volume Manager (LVM) ...................... 29 LVM Configuration with YaST ..................... 30 LVM — Partitioning .......................... 30 Logical Volumes ............................ 34 Soft RAID ................................... 35 Common RAID Levels ......................... 36 Soft RAID Configuration with YaST .................. 37 2 Updating the System and Package Management 39 Updating SuSE Linux ............................ 40 Preparations .............................. 40 Updating with YaST .......................... 42 Manual Update ............................. 42 Updating Individual Packages .................... 44 Software Changes from Version to Version ................. 45 From 7.3 to 8.0 ............................. 45 From 8.0 to 8.1 ............................. 46 From 8.1 to 8.2 ............................. 48 From 8.2 to 9.0 ............................. 49 RPM — the Package Manager ........................ 49 Verifying Package Authenticity .................... 50 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall ......... 51 RPM and Patches ............................ 52 RPM Queries .............................. 54 Installing and Compiling Source Packages .............. 56 Compiling RPM Packages with build ................. 58 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database ........... 59 iv Contents II Configuration 61 3 YaST in Text Mode (ncurses) 63 Usage ..................................... 64 Using the Modules .............................. 65 Starting the Individual Modules ...................... 66 YaST Online Update ............................. 67 4 Booting and Boot Managers 69 Booting a PC ................................. 70 Boot Concepts ................................ 71 Map Files, GRUB, and LILO ......................... 72 Booting with GRUB ............................. 73 The GRUB Boot Menu ......................... 74 The File device.map .......................... 78 The File /etc/grub.conf ........................ 79 Setting a Boot Password ........................ 80 Troubleshooting and Further Reading ................ 81 Booting with LILO .............................. 82 Basics .................................. 82 Configuring LILO ........................... 83 Structure of lilo.conf .......................... 84 Installing and Uninstalling LILO ................... 87 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader ..................... 88 Restoring the MBR (DOS/Win9x/ME ................ 89 Restoring the MBR of Windows XP .................. 89 Restoring the MBR of Windows 2000 ................. 89 Booting Linux after Restoring the MBR ................ 90 Creating Boot CDs .............................. 90 Boot CD with ISOLINUX ....................... 91 SuSE Linux – Administration Guide v 5 The X Window System 93 Historical Background ............................ 94 Version 4.x of XFree86 ............................ 94 Advantages ............................... 95 Configuration Using xf86config ....................... 96 Mouse .................................. 96 Keyboard ................................ 97 Monitor ................................. 98 Graphics Cards and X Server ..................... 99 Saving Your Configuration ...................... 104 Optimizing the Installation of the X Window System ........... 105 Screen Section .............................. 107 Device Section ............................. 108 Monitor Section ............................. 109 Integrating Additional (True Type) Fonts ............... 110 OpenGL — 3D Configuration ........................ 113 Hardware Support ........................... 113 OpenGL Driver ............................. 114 The Diagnosis Tool 3Ddiag ...................... 114 OpenGL Test Applications ....................... 114 Troubleshooting ............................ 114 Installation Support .......................... 115 Additional Online Documentation .................. 115 6 Printer Operation 117 Printing Basics ................................ 118 Important Standard Printer Languages ................ 118 Processing Print Jobs .......................... 118 Various Printing Systems ....................... 121 Preconditions for Printing .......................... 122 General Requirements ......................... 122 Finding the Right Printer Driver ................... 122 vi Contents The Issue with GDI Printers ...................... 124 Configuring a Printer with YaST ....................... 126 Print Queues and Configurations ................... 126 Printer Configuration with YaST: The Basics ............. 126 Automatic Configuration ....................... 128 Manual Configuration ......................... 129 Configuring Applications .......................... 131 Manual Configuration of Local Printer Ports ................ 132 Parallel Ports .............................. 132 USB Ports ................................ 134 The IrDA Printer Interface ....................... 136 Serial Ports ............................... 136 Manual Configuration of LPRng and lpdfilter ............... 137 The LPRng Print Spooler .......................... 137 Printing from Applications ...................... 138 Command-Line Tools for LPRng ...................... 138 Managing Local Queues ........................ 139 Managing Remote Queues ....................... 141 Using Command-Line Tools for LPRng Troubleshooting ...... 142 The Print Filter of the LPRng and lpdfilter Printing System ........ 142 Configuration of lpdfilter ....................... 144 Customization of lpdfilter ....................... 144 Troubleshooting Hints for lpdfilter .................. 151 The CUPS Printing System ......................... 152 Naming Conventions ......................... 152 IPP and Server ............................. 152 Configuration of a CUPS Server .................... 153 Network Printers ............................ 154 Internal CUPS Print Job Processing .................. 155 Tips and Tricks ............................. 157 Printing from Applications ......................... 158 Command-Line Tools for the CUPS Printing System ........... 159 SuSE Linux – Administration Guide vii Managing Local Queues ........................ 159 Managing Remote Queues ....................... 161 Using Command-Line Tools for CUPS Troubleshooting ....... 162 Working with Ghostscript .......................... 163 Sample Operations with