FINAL PROJECT REPORT MULTI-AREA REAL-TIME TRANSMISSION LINE RATING STUDY Prepared for CIEE By: Stuart Consulting Project Manager: Bob Stuart Author: Bob Stuart Date: October, 2007 A CIEE Report i ii DISCLAIMER This draft final report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank and express their appreciation for their expert opinions to the following people: Ken Martin, Dmitri Kosterov and Jin Gronquist of BPA; Carl Imhoff, Ross Guttromson, Yuri Makarov and Henry Huang of PNNL; Ed Schweitzer and Armando Guzman of SEL; Pat Ahrens, George Noller, Bharat Bhargava, Armando Salazar and Mike Montoya of SCE; Jim McIntosh and Dave Hawkins of the CAISO; Vahid Madani of PG&E; and Arun Phadke of Virginia Tech. iii iv Preface The Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program supports public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace. The PIER Program, managed by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission) conducts public interest research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit the electricity and natural gas ratepayers in California. The PIER program strives to conduct the most promising public interest energy research by partnering with RD&D organizations, including individuals, businesses, utilities, and public or private research institutions. PIER funding efforts are focused on the following RD&D program areas: Buildings End-Use Energy Efficiency Industrial/Agricultural/Water End-Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Technologies Environmentally Preferred Advanced Generation Energy-Related Environmental Research Energy Systems Integration Transportation Scoping Study of Intelligent Grid Protection Systems is the draft final report for the Scoping Study of Intelligent Grid Protection Systems Project, work authorization number BOA153‐P‐05 conducted by the PIER Program. The information from this project contributes to PIER’s Energy Research and Development program. For more information on the PIER Program, please visit the Energy Commission’s website at www.energy.ca.gov/pier or contact the Energy Commission at (916) 654‐5164. v vi Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ iii Preface ................................................................................................................................................ v Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ vii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ ix Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Project Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 2 Project Outcomes ................................................................................................................................ 3 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 5 Benefits to California .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.0 Project Approach.................................................................................................................. 8 2.1. Interviews ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.2. Meetings ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.3. Papers ............................................................................................................................... 8 3.1. TASK 1 REPORT ............................................................................................................. 9 3.1.1. Background ................................................................................................................ 9 3.1.2. Key Findings .............................................................................................................. 9 3.1.3. WECC Transmission Paths and Major RAS/SPS .................................................. 13 3.1.4. Scope of R&D Project ................................................................................................ 15 3.1.5. August 14, 2003 Disturbance Recommendation ................................................... 16 Task 2 Report ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 Basic Theory of Synchrophasors ................................................................................... 17 3.2.3 Synchrophasor Standards .............................................................................................. 18 3.2.4 Areas of concern and areas for further development ................................................ 19 3.2.5 Synchrophasor Manufacturers ...................................................................................... 20 3.2.6 Key Findings .................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Task 3 Report ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 23 vii 3.3.3 Synchrophasor Data Applications ................................................................................ 24 3.3.4 R&D in Wide Area Control ............................................................................................ 28 3.3.5 Infrastructure R&D for Wide Area Control................................................................. 28 3.3.6 R&D in Control Applications ........................................................................................ 31 3.4 Task 4 Report ........................................................................................................................... 34 3.4.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 34 3.4.2 Issues in Intelligent Grid Protection ....................................................................... 35 3.4.3 Potential Demonstration Projects ................................................................................. 39 3.4.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 41 3.4.5 Recommendation ............................................................................................................ 42 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 42 4.1 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 42 4.2 Commercialization Potential ................................................................................................. 44 4.3 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Benefits to California............................................................................................................... 45 5.0 References .....................................................................................................................................